Baer E L, Davies M W, Easterbrook K J
Royal Children's Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4029.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jul 19;2006(3):CD004262. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004262.pub2.
Napkin dermatitis is a common condition that occurs in otherwise healthy infants. It causes discomfort to infants, anxiety to parents and caregivers and contributes to the load on the health care system. A large variety of napkins, both disposable and non-disposable, are available. Evidence is required to assist carers and health care workers in making informed decisions when balancing the pros and cons of different napkin choices.
To assess whether disposable napkins prevent napkin dermatitis in infants.
We searched the Skin Group Specialised Register (up to June 2003), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in (The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2004), MEDLINE (from 1966 to November 2004), EMBASE (from 1980 to February 2003) and CINAHL (from 1982 to November 2004). We searched reference lists of articles. We contacted lead investigators in the area and companies that manufacture disposable napkins for access to unpublished trials.
Randomised controlled trials in which disposable napkins were compared with other types of disposable napkins or non-disposable napkins, in infants up to two years of age, for preventing napkin dermatitis.
Two authors independently extracted data. The same two authors independently assessed trials for methodological quality. Attempts were made to contact trial authors of the trials identified for clarification of methods and results of published trials.
We identified 28 studies of the effects of various napkin types on napkin dermatitis. Seventeen studies from nine reports were included. Eleven studies were excluded due to methodology that did not fit the inclusion criteria of this review. Due to the poor reporting of methodology and results of the studies found in this review, there were no quantitative data available for analysis (or meta-analysis). Although the included studies appeared to favour cellulose-core disposable napkins over cloth, absorbent gelling material over cellulose-only core napkins, breathable outer shell over occlusive outer shell napkins and linings impregnated with formulations over plain linings, all of these studies were open to bias due to flawed methodology.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence from good quality randomised controlled trials to support or refute the use and type of disposable napkins for the prevention of napkin dermatitis in infants.
尿布皮炎是一种常见于健康婴儿的病症。它给婴儿带来不适，让家长和护理人员焦虑，还增加了医疗保健系统的负担。市面上有各种各样的尿布，包括一次性和非一次性的。需要证据来帮助护理人员和医护人员在权衡不同尿布选择的利弊时做出明智的决定。
评估一次性尿布是否能预防婴儿尿布皮炎。
我们检索了皮肤组专业注册库（截至2003年6月）、Cochrane对照试验中心注册库（《Cochrane图书馆》，2004年第3期）、MEDLINE（从1966年至2004年11月）、EMBASE（从1980年至2003年2月）和CINAHL（从1982年至2004年11月）。我们检索了文章的参考文献列表。我们联系了该领域的主要研究者以及生产一次性尿布的公司，以获取未发表的试验资料。
将一次性尿布与其他类型的一次性尿布或非一次性尿布进行比较，针对两岁以下婴儿预防尿布皮炎的随机对照试验。
两位作者独立提取数据。同样由这两位作者独立评估试验的方法学质量。我们试图联系已识别试验的作者，以澄清已发表试验的方法和结果。
我们识别出28项关于各种尿布类型对尿布皮炎影响的研究。纳入了来自9篇报告的17项研究。11项研究因方法不符合本综述的纳入标准而被排除。由于本综述中所发现研究的方法学和结果报告不佳，没有可供分析（或荟萃分析）的定量数据。尽管纳入的研究似乎表明，与布尿布相比，纤维素芯一次性尿布更具优势；与仅含纤维素芯尿布相比，吸收性凝胶材料尿布更具优势；与封闭性外壳尿布相比，透气外壳尿布更具优势；与普通衬里尿布相比，浸渍配方衬里尿布更具优势，但所有这些研究由于方法存在缺陷，都容易产生偏差。
高质量随机对照试验提供的证据不足，无法支持或反驳使用一次性尿布预防婴儿尿布皮炎及其类型选择。
