Philipp R, Hughes A, Golding J
Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol.
Br J Gen Pract. 1997 Aug;47(421):493-7.
Nappy rash accounts for 20% of dermatology consultations in childhood, but its causes are poorly understood.
To determine the incidence of nappy rash during the first four weeks of life in a geographically defined United Kingdom (UK) population, and to study the factors associated with developing the rash.
The data are derived from self-completed questionnaires of parents in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC). The response rate to a questionnaire about the child administered four weeks after delivery among parents of singleton infants was 87% (12103/13902).
The incidence of nappy rash was 25%. Fourteen highly significant possible causal factors emerged, of which 10 were retained in a logistic regression model: dirtying of nappy, contact with doctor about other problems, history of rashes in joints or skin creases, type of nappy worn, being fed cereal, taken to mother's bed when waking at night, history of cradle cap, general state of health, previous stomach upset, and being only breast-fed. However, the relative risks were generally small.
The likelihood of nappy rash increases with intercurrent illness and early introduction of cereals. Disposable nappies give little protection, and this finding helps to endorse a recently introduced hospital scheme arising from environmental concerns that encourages parents to use cotton nappies instead of disposables. For many babies, however, the causes of nappy rash remain unknown.
尿布疹占儿童皮肤科门诊量的20%，但其病因尚不清楚。
确定在英国某特定地理区域出生后前四周内尿布疹的发病率，并研究与尿布疹发生相关的因素。
数据来源于阿冯纵向孕期和儿童研究（ALSPAC）中父母自行填写的问卷。单胎婴儿父母在产后四周收到的关于孩子的问卷回复率为87%（12103/13902）。
尿布疹发病率为25%。出现了14个高度显著的可能致病因素，其中10个被纳入逻辑回归模型：尿布弄脏、因其他问题就医、关节或皮肤褶皱处有皮疹史、所使用尿布的类型、喂食谷物、夜间醒来后被抱到母亲床上、有乳痂病史、总体健康状况、既往胃部不适以及仅进行母乳喂养。然而，相对风险通常较小。
尿布疹的发生可能性随并发疾病和过早添加谷物而增加。一次性尿布几乎没有防护作用，这一发现有助于支持一项最近因环境问题而推出的医院计划，该计划鼓励父母使用棉质尿布而非一次性尿布。然而，对许多婴儿来说，尿布疹的病因仍然不明。
