Petrie Jane, Bunn Frances, Byrne Geraldine
Dacorum Primary Health Care Trust, Tring Clinic, Station Road, Tring, Hertfordshire, HP23 5NF, UK.
Health Educ Res. 2007 Apr;22(2):177-91. doi: 10.1093/her/cyl061. Epub 2006 Jul 20.
We conducted a systematic review of controlled studies of parenting programmes to prevent tobacco, alcohol or drug abuse in children <18. We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, specialized Register of Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group, Pub Med, psych INFO, CINALH and SIGLE. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data and assessed study quality. Data were collected on actual or intended use of tobacco, alcohol or drugs by child, and associated risk or antecedent behaviours. Due to heterogeneity we did not pool studies in a meta-analysis and instead present a narrative summary of the findings. Twenty studies met our inclusion criteria. Statistically significant self-reported reductions of alcohol use were found in six of 14 studies, of drugs in five of nine studies and tobacco in nine out of 13 studies. Three interventions reported increases of tobacco, drug and alcohol use. We concluded that parenting programmes can be effective in reducing or preventing substance use. The most effective appeared to be those that shared an emphasis on active parental involvement and on developing skills in social competence, self-regulation and parenting. However, more work is needed to investigate further the change processes involved in such interventions and their long-term effectiveness.
我们对旨在预防18岁以下儿童吸烟、酗酒或药物滥用的育儿项目对照研究进行了系统综述。我们检索了Cochrane对照试验中心注册库、Cochrane药物与酒精组专业注册库、PubMed、心理学文摘数据库、护理学与健康领域数据库以及灰色文献数据库。两名评审员独立筛选研究、提取数据并评估研究质量。收集了关于儿童实际或预期使用烟草、酒精或药物以及相关风险或先行行为的数据。由于存在异质性，我们未在荟萃分析中合并研究，而是对研究结果进行了叙述性总结。20项研究符合我们的纳入标准。在14项研究中有6项发现自我报告的饮酒量有统计学显著减少，在9项研究中有5项发现药物使用量有统计学显著减少，在13项研究中有9项发现吸烟量有统计学显著减少。有三项干预措施报告了烟草、药物和酒精使用量的增加。我们得出结论，育儿项目在减少或预防物质使用方面可能有效。最有效的项目似乎是那些强调积极的父母参与以及培养社交能力、自我调节和育儿技能的项目。然而，需要开展更多工作来进一步研究此类干预措施所涉及的变化过程及其长期效果。
