Nordgren Loran F, van der Pligt Joop, van Harreveld Frenk
Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Psychol Sci. 2006 Jul;17(7):635-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01756.x.
The present research demonstrates that the extent to which people appreciate the influence past visceral states have had on behavior (e.g., the influence hunger has had on food choice) depends largely on their current visceral state. Specifically, we found that when people were in a hot state (e.g., fatigued), they attributed behavior primarily to visceral influences, whereas when people were in a cold state (e.g., nonfatigued), they underestimated the influence of visceral drives and instead attributed behavior primarily to other, nonvisceral factors. This hot-cold empathy gap was observed when people made attributions about the past behavior of another person or themselves, and proved difficult to overcome, as participants could not correct for the biasing influence of their current visceral state when instructed to do so. These different attribution patterns also had consequences for people's satisfaction with their performance. Those who attributed their poor performance to visceral factors were more satisfied than those who made dispositional attributions.
当前研究表明，人们对过去内脏状态对行为产生的影响（例如饥饿对食物选择的影响）的认知程度在很大程度上取决于他们当前的内脏状态。具体而言，我们发现当人们处于“热”状态（如疲劳）时，他们主要将行为归因于内脏影响；而当人们处于“冷”状态（如未疲劳）时，他们低估了内脏驱动力的影响，而是主要将行为归因于其他非内脏因素。当人们对他人或自己过去的行为进行归因时，会出现这种“热 - 冷共情差距”，并且事实证明这种差距很难克服，因为即使被要求这样做，参与者也无法校正他们当前内脏状态的偏差影响。这些不同的归因模式也会影响人们对自身表现的满意度。将自己不佳表现归因于内脏因素的人比那些进行性格归因的人更满意。
