Northwestern University, 2001 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2011 Nov;22(11):1386-90. doi: 10.1177/0956797611418349. Epub 2011 Oct 6.
This article examines how people respond to the emergence of temptation in their environment. Three studies demonstrated that how people respond to temptation depends critically on their visceral state--whether or not they are actively experiencing visceral drives such as hunger, drug craving, or sexual arousal. We found that when people were in a "cold," nonvisceral state, the presence of temptation prompted cognition to support self-control. However, when people were in a "hot," visceral state, temptation prompted the same cognitive processes to support impulsive behavior. Study 1 examined how heterosexual men's level of sexual arousal influences their attention to attractive women. Study 2 examined whether satiated and craving smokers would engage in motivated reasoning in order to dampen (or enhance) the appeal of smoking when confronted with the temptation to smoke. Study 3 tested the boundaries of the interaction between visceral state and temptation.
本文探讨了人们在环境中面对诱惑时的反应方式。三项研究表明，人们对诱惑的反应方式取决于他们的内在状态，即他们是否正在经历内在冲动，如饥饿、毒瘾或性冲动。我们发现，当人们处于“冷静”、非内在状态时，诱惑的存在会促使认知支持自我控制。然而，当人们处于“热”、内在状态时，诱惑会促使相同的认知过程支持冲动行为。研究 1 考察了男性的性唤起水平如何影响他们对有吸引力的女性的注意力。研究 2 检验了饱腹和渴望吸烟的吸烟者是否会进行动机推理，以减轻（或增强）面对吸烟诱惑时吸烟的吸引力。研究 3 测试了内在状态和诱惑之间相互作用的界限。
