Sayette Michael A, Loewenstein George, Griffin Kasey M, Black Jessica J
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 3137 Sennott Square, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2008 Sep;19(9):926-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02178.x.
Many decisions related to cigarette smoking require people in an affectively neutral, or "cold," state to predict how they will feel or behave when in a craving, or "hot," state. Research in other domains has revealed that individuals in cold states often underestimate the impact of being in a hot state on their own future behavior. In a study testing whether this is true of cigarette craving, 98 smokers were assigned to one of three conditions: hot (during a high-craving first session, they made predictions about a high-craving state in a second session), cold (during a low-craving first session, they made predictions about a high-craving state in a second session), and comparison (they experienced a high-craving session only). As predicted, in contrast to smokers in the hot group, smokers in the cold group underpredicted the value they would place on smoking during the second session. Results support the existence of a cold-to-hot empathy gap in smokers and help to explain diverse aspects of tobacco addiction.
许多与吸烟相关的决策都要求人们在情感中立或“冷静”的状态下，预测自己在有烟瘾或“冲动”状态时的感受或行为。其他领域的研究表明，处于冷静状态的个体往往会低估处于冲动状态对其未来行为的影响。在一项测试这是否适用于烟瘾的研究中，98名吸烟者被分配到三种情况之一：冲动组（在第一次烟瘾强烈的时段，他们对第二次烟瘾强烈的状态进行预测）、冷静组（在第一次烟瘾较弱的时段，他们对第二次烟瘾强烈的状态进行预测）和对照组（他们只经历一次烟瘾强烈的时段）。正如预测的那样，与冲动组的吸烟者相比，冷静组的吸烟者低估了他们在第二次时段对吸烟的重视程度。结果支持了吸烟者中存在从冷静到冲动的共情差距，并有助于解释烟草成瘾的各个方面。
