Leotta G A, Chinen I, Vigo G B, Pecoraro M, Rivas M
Laboratorio de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Bacteriológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 118, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
J Wildl Dis. 2006 Apr;42(2):259-70. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-42.2.259.
During austral summers 1999-2000 and 2000-01, two outbreaks of avian cholera occurred in the Hope Bay area (63 degrees 24'S, 56 degrees 59'W), located on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. Eighty-six dead birds were found: five kelp gulls (Larus dominicanus), 36 skuas (Stercorarius sp.), and 45 Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae). The carcasses were studied using clinical, pathological, and microbiological criteria. Water samples from ponds where birds were settled and samples from 90 healthy birds also were analyzed during the second outbreak. Pasteurella multocida isolates were identified by biochemical tests, capsular type, somatic serotype, and susceptibility to nine antibiotics. Molecular subtyping was performed by ApaI and SmaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR). In February 2000, mortality in skuas was 16% and 2% in kelp gulls. In the 2000-01 breeding season, mortality in south polar skuas was 47%, 24% in brown skuas, 1.4% in kelp gulls, and 0.01% in Adelie penguins. All birds had lesions of avian cholera. In kelp gulls the presentation was chronic, whereas skuas and penguins suffered subacute and acute disease, respectively. Fifty-five isolates recovered from dead birds and one from water were identified as P. multocida gallicida, type A:1. The strains presented a unique molecular pattern by PFGE and ERIC-PCR. A possible hypothesis to explain the origin of the outbreaks was that nonbreeder kelp gulls carried P. multocida gallicida to Hope Bay, and avian cholera was transmitted through water to skuas and penguins. This study reports avian cholera in new bird species, their potential role in the transmission of the disease, and the different responses of these species to the disease.
在1999 - 2000年和2000 - 2001年的南极夏季，位于南极半岛顶端的霍普湾地区（南纬63度24分，西经56度59分）发生了两起禽霍乱疫情。共发现86只死亡鸟类：5只南极鸬（多米尼加鸥）、36只贼鸥（贼鸥属）和45只阿德利企鹅（阿德利企鹅属）。利用临床、病理和微生物学标准对尸体进行了研究。在第二次疫情期间，还对鸟类栖息池塘的水样以及90只健康鸟类的样本进行了分析。通过生化试验、荚膜类型、菌体血清型以及对九种抗生素的敏感性鉴定多杀巴斯德菌分离株。通过ApaI和SmaI脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）以及肠杆菌重复基因间共识序列（ERIC-PCR）进行分子分型。2000年2月，贼鸥的死亡率为16%，南极鸬为2%。在2000 - 2001年繁殖季节，南极贼鸥的死亡率为47%，棕贼鸥为24%，南极鸬为1.4%，阿德利企鹅为0.01%。所有鸟类都有禽霍乱病变。南极鸬的症状表现为慢性，而贼鸥和企鹅分别患有亚急性和急性疾病。从死亡鸟类身上分离出55株菌株，从水中分离出1株，均被鉴定为A型1型多杀巴斯德菌鸡亚种。这些菌株通过PFGE和ERIC-PCR呈现出独特的分子模式。一个可能解释疫情起源的假说是，未繁殖的南极鸬将A型1型多杀巴斯德菌带到了霍普湾，禽霍乱通过水传播给了贼鸥和企鹅。本研究报告了新鸟类物种中的禽霍乱、它们在疾病传播中的潜在作用以及这些物种对该疾病的不同反应。
