Department of Microbiology and Host-Microbe Systems Theme of the Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013 Jul;26(3):631-55. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00024-13.
In a world where most emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in nature and our contacts with both domestic and wild animals abound, there is growing awareness of the potential for human acquisition of animal diseases. Like other Pasteurellaceae, Pasteurella species are highly prevalent among animal populations, where they are often found as part of the normal microbiota of the oral, nasopharyngeal, and upper respiratory tracts. Many Pasteurella species are opportunistic pathogens that can cause endemic disease and are associated increasingly with epizootic outbreaks. Zoonotic transmission to humans usually occurs through animal bites or contact with nasal secretions, with P. multocida being the most prevalent isolate observed in human infections. Here we review recent comparative genomics and molecular pathogenesis studies that have advanced our understanding of the multiple virulence mechanisms employed by Pasteurella species to establish acute and chronic infections. We also summarize efforts being explored to enhance our ability to rapidly and accurately identify and distinguish among clinical isolates and to control pasteurellosis by improved development of new vaccines and treatment regimens.
在这个世界上，大多数新发和再现传染病都具有动物源性，而且人类与家养和野生动物的接触频繁，因此人们越来越意识到人类可能会从动物身上感染疾病。与其他巴斯德氏菌科一样，巴斯德氏菌属在动物群体中非常普遍，通常存在于口腔、鼻咽和上呼吸道的正常微生物群中。许多巴斯德氏菌属是机会性病原体，可以引起地方性疾病，并且越来越多地与动物传染病暴发有关。人畜共患病的传播通常是通过动物咬伤或与鼻分泌物接触，而多杀巴斯德氏菌是在人类感染中观察到的最常见的分离株。在这里，我们回顾了最近的比较基因组学和分子发病机制研究，这些研究加深了我们对巴斯德氏菌属用于建立急性和慢性感染的多种毒力机制的理解。我们还总结了目前正在探索的努力，以提高我们快速准确识别和区分临床分离株的能力，并通过改进新疫苗和治疗方案来控制巴氏杆菌病。
