Serra Rita, Lourenço Anália, Alípio Pedro, Venâncio Armando
Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
Mycol Res. 2006 Aug;110(Pt 8):971-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.05.010. Epub 2006 Aug 7.
A three-year study was undertaken to investigate the fungal species present on the surface of grape berries from Portuguese vineyards in four winemaking regions. Emphasis was given to Aspergillus and Penicillium species due to their relevance for mycotoxin production. From the 3517 fungal strains detected 27 genera were identified. The region of origin markedly influenced the spoilage fungal population to which berries are exposed. The main differences found were in the incidence of A. niger aggregate, Botryis cinerea and Penicillium species (P. brevicompactum, P. citrinum, P. glabrum/spinulosum, P. expansum, P. implicatum and P. thomii). In more humid climates, Botrytis seems to be the main pathogen and spoiling agent, and the incidence of black Aspergillus is minimal. The most important mycotoxin-producing species found was A. carbonarius, which is an ochratoxin A producer. The present study provides a detailed description of the fungi found on the berry surface of Portuguese grapes and shows the Aspergillus and Penicillium species, which vary significantly by geographic origin. This is of crucial importance to understand fungal hazards for grapes and wine and to the knowledge of field ecology of the species.
开展了一项为期三年的研究，以调查来自葡萄牙四个酿酒地区葡萄园的葡萄浆果表面存在的真菌种类。由于曲霉属和青霉属与霉菌毒素产生相关，因此对其给予了重点关注。在检测到的3517个真菌菌株中，鉴定出了27个属。葡萄的产地对其表面所接触的腐败真菌种群有显著影响。发现的主要差异在于黑曲霉聚集体、灰葡萄孢和青霉属（短密青霉、桔青霉、光滑/微小青霉、扩展青霉、牵连青霉和绳状青霉）的发生率。在气候较为潮湿的地区，灰葡萄孢似乎是主要的病原体和腐败因子，而黑曲霉的发生率极低。所发现的最重要的产霉菌毒素物种是碳黑曲霉，它是一种产赭曲霉毒素A的真菌。本研究详细描述了葡萄牙葡萄浆果表面发现的真菌，并表明曲霉属和青霉属在不同地理区域存在显著差异。这对于了解葡萄和葡萄酒的真菌危害以及这些物种的田间生态学知识至关重要。
