Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
School of Plant Sciences, Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 May 7;12(5):303. doi: 10.3390/toxins12050303.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most toxic member of ochratoxins, a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. The most relevant species involved in OTA production in grapes is . Berry infection by is enhanced by damage to the skin caused by abiotic and biotic factors. Insect pests play a major role in European vineyards, and Lepidopteran species such as the European grapevine moth are undoubtedly crucial. New scenarios are also emerging due to the introduction and spread of allochthonous pests as well as climate change. Such pests may be involved in the dissemination of OTA producing fungi even if confirmation is still lacking and further studies are needed. An OTA predicting model is available, but it should be integrated with models aimed at forecasting phenology and demography in order to improve model reliability.
赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）是真菌产生的毒性次生代谢物——赭曲霉毒素中最具毒性的成员。在葡萄中产生 OTA 的最相关物种是 。由非生物和生物因素引起的果皮损伤会增强 对浆果的感染。虫害在欧洲葡萄园起着重要作用，鳞翅目昆虫如葡萄根瘤蚜 无疑是至关重要的。由于外来害虫的引入和传播以及气候变化，新的情况也在出现。这些害虫可能参与了产 OTA 真菌的传播，即使目前仍缺乏确认，还需要进一步研究。虽然已经有一个 OTA 预测模型，但它应该与旨在预测物候和种群动态的模型相结合，以提高模型的可靠性。
