Brdiczka D
Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Federal Republic of Germany.
Experientia. 1990 Feb 15;46(2):161-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02027312.
Intracellular phosphorylation is an important step in active uptake and utilization of carbohydrates. For example glucose and glycerol enter the liver cell along the extra intracellular gradient by facilitated diffusion through specific carriers and are concentrated inside the cell by phosphorylation via hexokinase or glycerol kinase. Depending on the function of the respective tissue the uptake of carbohydrates serves different metabolic purposes. In brain and kidney medulla cells which depend on carbohydrates, glucose and glycerol are taken up according to the energy demand. However, in tissues such as muscle which synthesize glycogen or like liver which additionally produce fat from glucose, the uptake of carbohydrates has to be regulated according to the availability of glucose and glycerol. How the reversible coupling of the kinases to the outer membrane pore and the mitochondrial ATP serves to fulfil these specific requirements will be explained as well as how this regulates the carbohydrate uptake in brain according to the activity of the oxidative phosphorylation and how this allows glucose uptake in liver and muscle to persist in the presence of high glucose 6-phosphate without activating the rate of glycolysis.
细胞内磷酸化是碳水化合物主动摄取和利用的重要步骤。例如，葡萄糖和甘油通过特定载体的易化扩散沿着细胞内外梯度进入肝细胞，并通过己糖激酶或甘油激酶磷酸化在细胞内浓缩。根据各自组织的功能，碳水化合物的摄取服务于不同的代谢目的。在依赖碳水化合物的脑和肾髓质细胞中，葡萄糖和甘油根据能量需求被摄取。然而，在诸如合成糖原的肌肉组织或像从葡萄糖额外产生脂肪的肝脏组织中，碳水化合物的摄取必须根据葡萄糖和甘油的可用性进行调节。激酶与外膜孔和线粒体ATP的可逆偶联如何满足这些特定需求将得到解释，以及这如何根据氧化磷酸化的活性调节脑中的碳水化合物摄取，以及这如何使肝脏和肌肉中的葡萄糖摄取在高葡萄糖-6-磷酸存在的情况下持续进行而不激活糖酵解速率。
