Kraljic Tanya, Samuel Arthur G
State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2006 Apr;13(2):262-8. doi: 10.3758/bf03193841.
Lexical context strongly influences listeners' identification of ambiguous sounds. For example, a sound midway between /f/ and /s/ is reported as /f/ in "sheri_," but as /s/ in "Pari_." Norris, McQueen, and Cutler (2003) have demonstrated that after hearing such lexically determined phonemes, listeners expand their phonemic categories to include more ambiguous tokens than before. We tested whether listeners adjust their phonemic categories for a specific speaker. Do listeners learn a particular speaker's "accent"? Similarly, we examined whether perceptual learning is specific to the particular ambiguous phonemes that listeners hear, or whether the adjustments generalize to related sounds. Participants heard ambiguous /d/ or /t/ phonemes during a lexical decision task. They then categorized sounds on /d/-/t/ and /b/-/p/ continua, either in the same voice that they had heard for lexical decision, or in a different voice. Perceptual learning generalized across both speaker and test continua: Changes in perceptual representations are robust and broadly tuned.
词汇语境会强烈影响听众对模糊语音的识别。例如，介于/f/和/s/之间的一个音，在“sheri_”中被听成/f/，但在“Pari_”中被听成/s/。诺里斯、麦奎因和卡特勒（2003年）已经证明，在听到这些由词汇决定的音素后，听众会扩大他们的音素类别，以纳入比以前更多的模糊音素。我们测试了听众是否会针对特定的说话者调整他们的音素类别。听众会学习特定说话者的“口音”吗？同样，我们研究了知觉学习是否特定于听众听到的特定模糊音素，或者这种调整是否会推广到相关的声音。参与者在词汇判断任务中听到模糊的/d/或/t/音素。然后，他们对/d/-/t/和/b/-/p/连续体上的声音进行分类，要么用他们在词汇判断时听到的相同声音，要么用不同的声音。知觉学习在说话者和测试连续体上都具有普遍性：知觉表征的变化是稳健的且具有广泛的适应性。
