Clifton Peter
University of Adelaide and CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia.
Aust Fam Physician. 2006 Aug;35(8):580-2.
Controversy surrounds both the Atkins diet and moderate carbohydrate, high protein diets.
This article undertakes a brief review of the evidence for efficacy and possible harmful effects of various popular diets.
Low fat diets have been shown to reduce weight at 12 months and have additional benefits of high fibre intake and may reduce the risk of diabetes. However, many people cannot maintain these diets long term so new solutions have been sought. Surprisingly, trials have only appeared over the past 3-4 years evaluating the effects of the Atkins diet, and these have shown weight loss benefits at 6 months, but the benefit is lost by 12 months. Adherence to this regimen is difficult. Problems include constipation from the relatively low fibre intake and a less than expected rise in LDL cholesterol. A moderate carbohydrate, high protein diet has been shown to maintain weight loss at 12 months and beyond, with improvements in cardiovascular risk factors and little risk of long term side effects. Patient choice will depend on dietary preferences and previous experiences with diets. Those with metabolic syndrome might benefit more from carbohydrate restriction.
阿特金斯饮食法以及适度碳水化合物、高蛋白饮食法都存在争议。
本文简要回顾各种流行饮食法的功效及可能的有害影响的相关证据。
低脂饮食已被证明在12个月时可减轻体重，还有高纤维摄入的额外益处，且可能降低糖尿病风险。然而，许多人无法长期坚持这些饮食法，因此一直在寻求新的解决方案。令人惊讶的是，过去3至4年才出现评估阿特金斯饮食法效果的试验，这些试验表明在6个月时体重减轻有益，但到12个月时益处消失。坚持这种饮食方案很困难。问题包括因纤维摄入量相对较低导致便秘以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高幅度低于预期。适度碳水化合物、高蛋白饮食已被证明在12个月及以后能维持体重减轻，心血管危险因素有所改善，且长期副作用风险很小。患者的选择将取决于饮食偏好和以往的节食经历。患有代谢综合征的人可能从碳水化合物限制中获益更多。
