Bays Harold, Rodbard Helena W, Schorr Alan Bruce, González-Campoy J Michael
L-MARC Research Center, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY 40213, USA.
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2007 Aug;9(4):259-71. doi: 10.1007/s11936-007-0021-6.
Excessive adipose tissue is potentially pathogenic due to its mass effects and through adverse metabolic/immune responses, which may lead to cardiovascular disease risk factors (eg, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and possibly atherosclerosis itself). Positive caloric balance in genetically/environmentally susceptible patients may result in adipocyte hypertrophy, visceral adipose tissue accumulation, and ectopic fat deposition, all causally associated with metabolic disease, and all anatomic manifestations of "adiposopathy" (a term used to describe adipose tissue pathology). Weight loss through improved nutrition, increased physical activity, and weight loss agents (ie, orlistat and sibutramine) improves adiposopathy and improves many metabolic diseases whose prevalence are directly associated with an increase in body fat and sedentary lifestyle. Cannabinoid receptor antagonists improve adiposopathy through weight reduction and favorable metabolic effects upon multiple body organs (including adipocytes). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists may improve adiposopathy through recruitment of functional fat cells and apoptosis of dysfunctional fat cells.
过多的脂肪组织因其质量效应以及通过不良的代谢/免疫反应而具有潜在致病性，这可能导致心血管疾病风险因素（如2型糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常，甚至可能导致动脉粥样硬化本身）。在遗传/环境易感性患者中，热量摄入的正平衡可能导致脂肪细胞肥大、内脏脂肪组织堆积和异位脂肪沉积，所有这些都与代谢性疾病存在因果关系，并且都是“脂肪组织病”（用于描述脂肪组织病理学的术语）的解剖学表现。通过改善营养、增加身体活动和使用减肥药物（如奥利司他和西布曲明）来减轻体重，可改善脂肪组织病，并改善许多与体脂增加和久坐不动的生活方式直接相关的代谢性疾病。大麻素受体拮抗剂通过减轻体重以及对多个身体器官（包括脂肪细胞）产生有利的代谢作用来改善脂肪组织病。过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ激动剂可能通过募集功能性脂肪细胞和使功能失调的脂肪细胞凋亡来改善脂肪组织病。
