Senanayake Sanjaya
Infectious Diseases, The Canberra Hospital, and The Australian National University Medical School.
Aust Fam Physician. 2006 Aug;35(8):609-12.
The number of cases of dengue fever in returning travellers is increasing worldwide. In Australia, two mosquito vectors exist and the Aedes aegypti mosquito has already been responsible for local transmission within Queensland. For these reasons, general practitioners need to be able to recognise dengue fever and its complications: dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome. Infections can vary from severe to asymptomatic. The incubation period, duration of fevers, presence of rash and relative bradycardia can assist in the diagnosis of dengue. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a severe form of dengue fever associated with plasma leakage and specific risk factors. The risk of DHF to most travellers previously infected with dengue is probably low. Serology and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction are useful tests for diagnosing infection, although both have limitations. Vaccine design is a promising strategy to prevent infection.
全球范围内，归国旅行者中登革热病例数正在增加。在澳大利亚，存在两种蚊虫媒介，埃及伊蚊已在昆士兰州造成了本地传播。基于这些原因，全科医生需要能够识别登革热及其并发症：登革出血热（DHF）和登革休克综合征。感染情况可从严重到无症状不等。潜伏期、发热持续时间、皮疹的出现以及相对心动过缓有助于登革热的诊断。登革出血热是登革热的一种严重形式，与血浆渗漏及特定危险因素相关。大多数既往感染过登革热的旅行者发生登革出血热的风险可能较低。血清学检测和逆转录聚合酶链反应是诊断感染的有用检测方法，不过两者都有局限性。疫苗设计是预防感染的一种有前景的策略。
