Smith Tristram, Scahill Lawrence, Dawson Geraldine, Guthrie Donald, Lord Catherine, Odom Samuel, Rogers Sally, Wagner Ann
Department of Pediatrics, Strong Center for Developmental Disabilities, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood, Box 671, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2007 Feb;37(2):354-66. doi: 10.1007/s10803-006-0173-3.
To address methodological challenges in research on psychosocial interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a model was developed for systematically validating and disseminating interventions in a sequence of steps. First, initial efficacy studies are conducted to establish interventions as promising. Next, promising interventions are assembled into a manual, which undergoes pilot-testing. Then, randomized clinical trials test efficacy under controlled conditions. Finally, effectiveness studies evaluate outcomes in community settings. Guidelines for research designs at each step are presented. Based on the model, current priorities in ASD research include (a) preparation for efficacy and effectiveness trials by developing manuals for interventions that have shown promise and (b) initial efficacy studies on interventions for core features of ASD such as social reciprocity.
为应对自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）心理社会干预研究中的方法学挑战，开发了一个模型，用于按一系列步骤系统地验证和推广干预措施。首先，进行初步疗效研究以确定干预措施具有前景。接下来，将有前景的干预措施汇编成手册，并进行预试验。然后，随机临床试验在受控条件下测试疗效。最后，效果研究评估社区环境中的结果。文中给出了每个步骤的研究设计指南。基于该模型，目前ASD研究的重点包括：（a）通过为已显示出前景的干预措施编写手册，为疗效和效果试验做准备；（b）对ASD核心特征（如社交互动）的干预措施进行初步疗效研究。
