Kaushik C P, Ravindra Khaiwal, Yadav Krishan, Mehta Surender, Haritash A K
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2006 Nov;122(1-3):27-40. doi: 10.1007/s10661-005-9161-x. Epub 2006 Aug 1.
Considering the mounting evidences of the effects of air pollution on health, the present study was undertaken to assess the ambient air quality status in the fast growing urban centres of Haryana state, India. The samples were collected for total suspended particulate matter (TSPM), respirable suspended particulate matter (PM(10)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), and oxides of nitrogen (NO(2)) during different seasons from 8 districts of Haryana during January, 1999 to September, 2000. The four types of sampling sites with different anthropogenic activities i.e. residential, sensitive, commercial and industrial were identified in each city. The ambient air concentration of TSPM and PM(10) observed was well above the prescribed standards at almost all the sites. The average ambient air concentrations of SO(2) and NO(2) were found below the permissible limits at all the centres. Comparatively higher concentration of SO(2) was observed during winter seasons, which seems to be related with the enhanced combustion of fuel for space heating and relatively stable atmospheric conditions. Air Quality Index (AQI) prepared for these cities shows that residential, sensitive and commercial areas were moderately to severely polluted which is a cause of concern for the residents of these cities. The high levels of TSPM and SO(2) especially in winter are of major health concern because of their synergistic action. The data from Hisar city reveals a significant increase in the total number of hospital visits/admissions of the patients with acute respiratory diseases during winter season when the level of air pollutants was high.
鉴于空气污染对健康影响的证据越来越多，本研究旨在评估印度哈里亚纳邦快速发展的城市中心的环境空气质量状况。在1999年1月至2000年9月期间的不同季节，从哈里亚纳邦的8个地区采集了总悬浮颗粒物（TSPM）、可吸入悬浮颗粒物（PM(10)）、二氧化硫（SO(2)）和氮氧化物（NO(2)）的样本。在每个城市确定了四种具有不同人为活动类型的采样点，即居民区、敏感区、商业区和工业区。几乎在所有采样点观察到的TSPM和PM(10)的环境空气浓度都远高于规定标准。在所有中心，SO(2)和NO(2)的平均环境空气浓度均低于允许限值。在冬季观察到相对较高的SO(2)浓度，这似乎与用于取暖的燃料燃烧增加以及相对稳定的大气条件有关。为这些城市编制的空气质量指数（AQI）表明，居民区、敏感区和商业区受到中度至重度污染，这引起了这些城市居民的关注。TSPM和SO(2)的高浓度，尤其是在冬季，因其协同作用而成为主要的健康问题。来自希萨尔市的数据显示，在冬季空气污染物水平较高时，急性呼吸道疾病患者的医院就诊/住院总数显著增加。
