Li Li, Lei Yalin, Pan Dongyan, Yu Chen, Si Chunyan
School of Humanities and Economic Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083 China ; Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, 100083 China.
Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, 100081 China.
Springerplus. 2016 Apr 1;5:402. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-2024-9. eCollection 2016.
Air deterioration caused by pollution has harmed public health. The existing studies on the economic loss caused by a variety of air pollutants in multiple cities are lacking. To understand the effect of different pollutants on public health and to provide the basis of the environmental governance for governments, based on the dose-response relation and the willingness to pay, this paper used the latest available data of the inhalable particulate matter (PM10) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) from January 2015 to June 2015 in 74 cities by establishing the lowest and the highest limit scenarios. The results show that (1) in the lowest and highest limit scenario, the health-related economic loss caused by PM10 and SO2 represented 1.63 and 2.32 % of the GDP, respectively; (2) For a single city, in the lowest and the highest limit scenarios, the highest economic loss of the public health effect caused by PM10 and SO2 was observed in Chongqing; the highest economic loss of the public health effect per capita occurred in Hebei Baoding. The highest proportion of the health-related economic loss accounting for GDP was found in Hebei Xingtai. The main reason is that the terrain conditions are not conducive to the spread of air pollutants in Chongqing, Baoding and Xingtai, and the three cities are typical heavy industrial cities that are based on coal resources. Therefore, this paper proposes to improve the energy structure, use the advanced production process, reasonably control the urban population growth, and adopt the emissions trading system in order to reduce the economic loss caused by the effects of air pollution on public health.
污染导致的空气质量恶化已损害公众健康。目前缺乏关于多个城市多种空气污染物造成的经济损失的研究。为了解不同污染物对公众健康的影响，并为政府提供环境治理依据，本文基于剂量反应关系和支付意愿，利用2015年1月至2015年6月74个城市可吸入颗粒物（PM10）和二氧化硫（SO2）的最新可用数据，建立了最低和最高限值情景。结果表明：（1）在最低和最高限值情景下，PM10和SO2造成的与健康相关的经济损失分别占GDP的1.63%和2.32%；（2）对于单个城市，在最低和最高限值情景下，PM10和SO2造成的公众健康影响的最高经济损失出现在重庆；人均公众健康影响的最高经济损失发生在河北保定。与健康相关的经济损失占GDP的比例最高的是河北邢台。主要原因是重庆、保定和邢台的地形条件不利于空气污染物扩散，且这三个城市是以煤炭资源为基础的典型重工业城市。因此，本文建议改善能源结构，采用先进生产工艺，合理控制城市人口增长，并采用排放交易制度，以减少空气污染对公众健康影响造成的经济损失。
