Fernandes A R, Rose M, White S, Mortimer D N, Gem M
Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK.
Food Addit Contam. 2006 Sep;23(9):939-47. doi: 10.1080/02652030600660827.
Commercially available fish oil supplements sourced from retail outlets in the UK, as well as by mail order, were surveyed in 2000-02 for dioxin (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) content. Sampled products were representative of market share. The WHO-TEQ values for these products ranged from 0.18 to 8.4 ng kg-1 for SigmaPCDD/F and from 1.1 to 41 ng kg-1 for Sigma dioxin-like PCBs. The results suggest a downward trend in the levels of dioxins in fish oil supplements over the last decade, since levels for similar products ranged from 0.3 to 10 ng kg-1 for SigmaPCDD/F WHO-TEQ in 1996. Levels of ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Seas) 7 PCBs in the current study ranged from 8.3 to 267 microg kg-1. Subsequent to this survey, European Union legislation has been introduced that includes a maximum limit of 2 ng kg-1 WHO-TEQ for dioxins in fish oil products for human consumption. Twelve of the 33 products reported here would have exceeded this limit. Negotiations are in progress to incorporate dioxin-like PCBs into the European Union regulations. When manufacturer-recommended doses were applied to the observed levels, the estimated upper bound human exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs from dietary intake of these products ranged from 0.02 to 7.1 pg WHO-TEQ kg-1 body weight day-1 for adults and from 0.02 to 10 pg WHO-TEQ kg-1 body weight day-1 for schoolchildren. This level rises to 1.8-8.9 pg WHO-TEQ kg-1 body weight day-1 for adults and 1.4-14 pg WHO-TEQ kg-1 body weight day-1 for schoolchildren when combined with the average exposure from the whole diet in 1997. Again, subsequent to this survey, the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT) revised the UK tolerable daily intake (TDI) for mixtures of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs from 10 to 2 pg WHO-TEQ kg-1 body weight day-1. This is in line with the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 14 pg WHO-TEQ kg-1 body weight set by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF).
2000 - 2002年，对英国零售店以及通过邮购获得的市售鱼油补充剂进行了二噁英（多氯二苯并对二噁英/多氯二苯并呋喃，PCDD/Fs）和多氯联苯（PCB）含量的调查。抽样产品具有市场代表性。这些产品的世界卫生组织毒性当量（WHO - TEQ）值，对于总PCDD/Fs而言，范围为0.18至8.4纳克/千克，对于类二噁英多氯联苯而言，范围为1.1至41纳克/千克。结果表明，在过去十年中，鱼油补充剂中二噁英水平呈下降趋势，因为1996年类似产品的总PCDD/Fs的WHO - TEQ水平范围为0.3至10纳克/千克。在本研究中，ICES（国际海洋探索理事会）7种多氯联苯的含量范围为8.3至267微克/千克。此次调查之后，欧盟出台了相关法规，规定供人类食用的鱼油产品中二噁英的最高限量为2纳克/千克WHO - TEQ。此处报告的33种产品中有12种会超过这一限量。目前正在进行谈判，以将类二噁英多氯联苯纳入欧盟法规。当将制造商推荐剂量应用于观察到的水平时，成年人通过饮食摄入这些产品估计的二噁英和类二噁英多氯联苯的最高人体暴露量范围为0.02至7.1皮克WHO - TEQ/千克体重·天，学童为0.02至10皮克WHO - TEQ/千克体重·天。与1997年整个饮食的平均暴露量相加后，成年人的这一水平升至1.8 - 8.9皮克WHO - TEQ/千克体重·天，学童为1.4 - 14皮克WHO - TEQ/千克体重·天。同样，在此次调查之后，食品、消费品及环境中化学品毒性委员会（COT）将英国对二噁英和类二噁英多氯联苯混合物的每日可耐受摄入量（TDI）从10皮克WHO - TEQ/千克体重·天修订为2皮克WHO - TEQ/千克体重·天。这与食品科学委员会（SCF）设定的14皮克WHO - TEQ/千克体重的每周可耐受摄入量（TWI）一致。
