von Bohlen Und Halbach O
Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Neurodegener Dis. 2005;2(6):313-20. doi: 10.1159/000092318.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the major neurodegenerative disorders. The etiology of this disease is likely due to combinations of environmental and genetic factors. Symptomatic hallmarks of PD are tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability. On the morphological and anatomical level, PD is characterized by massive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to a severe loss of striatal dopaminergic fibers and to a massive reduction of dopamine levels in the striatum. In addition, PD is characterized by the appearance of Lewy bodies within the surviving dopaminergic neurons. Animal models of PD allow getting insight into the mechanisms of several symptoms of PD thereby providing indispensable tools for basic and applied research. The biochemical and cellular changes that occur following administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in rodents or monkeys are remarkably similar to those seen in idiopathic PD. In this review, the main characteristics of experimental models of PD induced by the neurotoxic compound MPTP are reviewed.
帕金森病（PD）是主要的神经退行性疾病之一。该疾病的病因可能是环境因素和遗传因素共同作用的结果。PD的症状特征包括震颤、运动迟缓、僵硬和姿势不稳。在形态学和解剖学层面，PD的特征是黑质致密部多巴胺能神经元大量退化，导致纹状体多巴胺能纤维严重丧失以及纹状体内多巴胺水平大幅降低。此外，PD的特征是在存活的多巴胺能神经元内出现路易小体。PD动物模型有助于深入了解PD多种症状的机制，从而为基础研究和应用研究提供不可或缺的工具。在啮齿动物或猴子中给予1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶（MPTP）后发生的生化和细胞变化与特发性PD中所见的变化非常相似。在本综述中，对由神经毒性化合物MPTP诱导的PD实验模型的主要特征进行了综述。
