Read Andrew J, Drinker Phebe, Northridge Simon
Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.
Conserv Biol. 2006 Feb;20(1):163-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00338.x.
Fisheries bycatch poses a significant threat to many populations of marine mammals, but there are few published estimates of the magnitude of these catches. We estimated marine mammal bycatch in U.S. fisheries from 1990 to 1999 with data taken from the stock assessment reports required by the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act. The mean annual bycatch of marine mammals during this period was 6215 +/- 448 (SE). Bycatch of cetaceans and pinnipeds occurred in similar numbers. Most cetacean (84%) and pinniped (98%) bycatch occurred in gill-net fisheries. Marine mammal bycatch declined significantly over the decade, primarily because of a reduction in the bycatch of cetaceans. Total marine mammal bycatch was significantly lower after the implementation of take reduction measures in the latter half of the decade. We derived a crude first estimate of marine mammal bycatch in the world's fisheries by expanding U.S. bycatch with data on fleet composition from the Food and Agriculture Organization. The global bycatch of marine mammals is in the hundreds of thousands. Bycatch is likely to have significant demographic effects on many populations of marine mammals. Better data are urgently needed to fully understand the impact of these interactions.
渔业兼捕对许多海洋哺乳动物种群构成了重大威胁，但已发表的关于这些兼捕数量规模的估计却很少。我们利用美国《海洋哺乳动物保护法》要求的种群评估报告中的数据，估算了1990年至1999年美国渔业中的海洋哺乳动物兼捕情况。在此期间，海洋哺乳动物的年均兼捕量为6215±448（标准误）。鲸类和鳍足类的兼捕数量相近。大多数鲸类（84%）和鳍足类（98%）兼捕发生在刺网渔业中。在这十年间，海洋哺乳动物兼捕量显著下降，主要原因是鲸类兼捕量减少。在这十年后半期实施减少捕获量措施后，海洋哺乳动物的总兼捕量显著降低。我们通过利用联合国粮食及农业组织的船队构成数据来扩展美国的兼捕数据，初步粗略估算了全球渔业中的海洋哺乳动物兼捕情况。全球海洋哺乳动物兼捕量达数十万。兼捕可能会对许多海洋哺乳动物种群产生重大的种群统计学影响。迫切需要更好的数据来全面了解这些相互作用的影响。
