Lopez S, Arias C F
Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2006;309:39-66. doi: 10.1007/3-540-30773-7_2.
Rotaviruses, the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide, are non-enveloped viruses formed by three concentric layers of protein that enclose a genome of double-stranded RNA. These viruses have a specific cell tropism in vivo, infecting primarily the mature enterocytes of the villi of the small intestine. It has been found that rotavirus cell entry is a complex multistep process, in which different domains of the rotavirus surface proteins interact sequentially with different cell surface molecules, which act as attachment and entry receptors. These recently described molecules include integrins (alpha2beta1, alphavbeta3, and alphaxbeta2) and a heat shock protein (hsc70), and have been found to be associated with cell membrane lipid microdomains. The requirement for several cell molecules, which might need to be present and organized in a precise fashion, could explain the cell and tissue tropism of these viruses. This review focuses on recent data describing the interactions between the virus and its receptors, the role of lipid microdomains in rotavirus infection, and the possible mechanism of rotavirus cell entry.
轮状病毒是全球婴幼儿严重脱水腹泻的主要病因，它是一种无包膜病毒，由三层同心蛋白质层构成，包裹着双链RNA基因组。这些病毒在体内具有特定的细胞嗜性，主要感染小肠绒毛的成熟肠上皮细胞。现已发现，轮状病毒进入细胞是一个复杂的多步骤过程，其中轮状病毒表面蛋白的不同结构域依次与不同的细胞表面分子相互作用，这些分子作为附着和进入受体。这些最近描述的分子包括整合素（α2β1、αvβ3和αxβ2）和一种热休克蛋白（hsc70），并且已发现它们与细胞膜脂质微区相关。对几种可能需要以精确方式存在和组织的细胞分子的需求，可能解释了这些病毒的细胞和组织嗜性。本综述重点关注描述病毒与其受体之间相互作用的最新数据、脂质微区在轮状病毒感染中的作用以及轮状病毒进入细胞的可能机制。
