Palková Zdena, Váchová Libuse
Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2006 Sep;30(5):806-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00034.x.
Traditionally, living organisms have often been classified into two main categories: unicellular and multicellular. In recent years, however, the boundary between these two groups has become less strict and clear than was previously presumed. Studies on the communities formed by unicellular microorganisms have revealed that various properties and processes so far mainly associated with metazoa are also important for the proper development, survival and behaviour of muticellular microbial populations. In this review, we present various examples of this, using a yeast colony as representative of a structured organized microbial community. Among other things, we will show how the differentiation of yeast cells within a colony can be important for the long-term survival of a community under conditions of nutrient shortage, how colony development and physiology can be influenced by the environment, and how a group of colonies can synchronize their developmental changes. In the last section, we introduce examples of molecular mechanisms that can participate in some aspects of the behaviour of yeast populations.
传统上，生物常常被分为两大类：单细胞生物和多细胞生物。然而近年来，这两类生物之间的界限已不如先前设想的那样严格和清晰。对单细胞微生物形成的群落的研究表明，迄今为止主要与后生动物相关的各种特性和过程，对于多细胞微生物群体的正常发育、生存和行为也很重要。在本综述中，我们以酵母菌落作为结构化有组织的微生物群落的代表，展示了这方面的各种例子。其中，我们将展示菌落内酵母细胞的分化如何对于群落在营养短缺条件下的长期生存至关重要，环境如何影响菌落的发育和生理，以及一组菌落如何同步其发育变化。在最后一部分，我们介绍了可参与酵母群体行为某些方面的分子机制的例子。
