Drasbek K R, Christensen J, Jensen K
Institute of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
Acta Neurol Scand. 2006 Sep;114(3):145-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2006.00712.x.
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a drug of abuse that causes euphoria, anxiolysis, and hypnosis. The recent rise in the recreational intake of GHB, as well as its association with 'drug rape', has turned the attention to GHB in acute hospital settings. Acutely admitted GHB intoxicated patients may display various levels of sedation or coma, but may also show paradoxical agitation, combativeness, or self-injurious behaviors. The symptoms can be nonspecific and the definite diagnosis therefore normally relies on the detection of GHB in blood or body fluids, which is an analysis that may not be promptly available. As a basis for understanding the clinical features of GHB intoxication and abuse, we here review the pharmacological and neurophysiological knowledge about GHB, which stems from decades of clinical and basic GHB research. In addition, we discuss the latest discoveries in the quest for distinct GHB receptors in the brain, and their possible implications for future therapies of GHB abuse.
γ-羟基丁酸（GHB）是一种滥用药物，会导致欣快感、抗焦虑和催眠作用。近期，GHB在娱乐场合的使用量有所增加，且与“迷奸”相关，这使得急性医院环境中对GHB的关注度提高。急性入院的GHB中毒患者可能表现出不同程度的镇静或昏迷，但也可能出现反常的激越、好斗或自伤行为。症状可能不具有特异性，因此明确诊断通常依赖于血液或体液中GHB的检测，而这种分析可能无法及时获得。作为理解GHB中毒和滥用临床特征的基础，我们在此回顾了关于GHB的药理学和神经生理学知识，这些知识源于数十年的临床和基础GHB研究。此外，我们还讨论了在寻找大脑中独特的GHB受体方面的最新发现，以及它们对未来GHB滥用治疗可能产生的影响。
