Weaver Connie M, Rothwell Arlene P, Wood Karl V
Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2059, USA.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2006 Sep;9(5):568-74. doi: 10.1097/01.mco.0000241666.46008.2c.
Calcium metabolism is comprised primarily of absorption, urinary excretion, endogenous secretion and bone turnover. This review evaluates recent findings relating to the role of genetic and environmental factors, especially diet, on perturbing parameters of calcium metabolism. Calcium dynamics are studied with the use of isotopic tracers. We also cover state-of-the-art methods for stable calcium isotope ratio analysis and offer insights on experimental design.
Some progress has been made identifying genetic and hormonal regulators of calcium absorption. Much progress has been made in understanding the role of diet on influencing calcium retention, especially with regard to dietary protein and salt. Long-held views on dietary factors thought to contribute to bone loss through urinary calcium loss have been shown to have no impact on net calcium retention because of compensatory changes in other aspects of calcium metabolism.
Much more work needs to be done on understanding genetic regulators of calcium metabolism. Despite recent advances in our knowledge of dietary influences on calcium metabolism, more studies are needed on the role of environmental factors, especially physical activity.
钙代谢主要包括吸收、尿排泄、内源性分泌和骨转换。本综述评估了近期有关遗传和环境因素，尤其是饮食，对钙代谢参数扰动作用的研究发现。钙动力学通过使用同位素示踪剂进行研究。我们还介绍了稳定钙同位素比率分析的最新方法，并对实验设计提供见解。
在确定钙吸收的遗传和激素调节因子方面取得了一些进展。在理解饮食对钙潴留的影响作用方面取得了很大进展，尤其是在膳食蛋白质和盐方面。长期以来认为通过尿钙流失导致骨质流失的饮食因素观点，已被证明由于钙代谢其他方面的代偿性变化，对净钙潴留没有影响。
在理解钙代谢的遗传调节因子方面，仍有更多工作要做。尽管我们对饮食对钙代谢的影响的认识最近有所进展，但仍需要更多关于环境因素，尤其是身体活动作用的研究。
