Apor Péter, Rádi Attila
Semmelweis Egyetem, Testnevelés es Sporttudományi Kar, Humán Kineziológia Szak.
Orv Hetil. 2006 Jun 4;147(22):1025-31.
Physical activities (aerobic, anaerobic and resistance exercises) evoke an increased production of high oxidative substances, depending mainly on the intensity of the muscle actions. Antioxidants in the muscle and blood represent the first line of defense, but an oxidative stress activates the scavenger enzyme systems. If the stress is too high, structural modifications, "damage" of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids is a consequence. Markers of this oxidative damage can be recognized for a few days. Oxidative stress certainly have a role in the physiological adaptation to the physical activity. Moderate intensity (less than 50-60% of the aerobic capacity or of the maximal muscle tension) exercises exert low stress without oxidative damage impulse in the normally nourished subjects. Regular training and "normal" diet results a proper defense against excess oxidative stress. Monitoring of the oxidative stress or/and damage is not jet a tool in the training praxis in spite of the obvious advantages and of the existence of certain noninvasive methods. Data reinforce the necessity of regular exercise with moderate intensity in the primary prevention and in the rehabilitation of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
体育活动（有氧运动、无氧运动和抗阻运动）会引发高氧化性物质生成增加，这主要取决于肌肉活动的强度。肌肉和血液中的抗氧化剂是第一道防线，但氧化应激会激活清除酶系统。如果应激过高，就会导致结构改变，脂质、蛋白质和核酸会“受损”。这种氧化损伤的标志物在数天内都可被识别。氧化应激在对体育活动的生理适应过程中肯定发挥着作用。中等强度（低于有氧能力或最大肌肉张力的50%-60%）的运动在营养正常的受试者中产生的应激较低，不会引发氧化损伤。规律训练和“正常”饮食可对过量氧化应激形成适当防御。尽管氧化应激监测具有明显优势且存在某些非侵入性方法，但目前它尚未成为训练实践中的一项工具。数据进一步证明，在代谢性疾病和心血管疾病的一级预防及康复过程中，进行中等强度的规律运动很有必要。
