Radak Zsolt, Chung Hae Y, Koltai Erika, Taylor Albert W, Goto Sataro
Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Ageing Res Rev. 2008 Jan;7(1):34-42. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2007.04.004. Epub 2007 Aug 2.
Physical inactivity leads to increased incidence of a variety of diseases and it can be regarded as one of the end points of the exercise-associated hormesis curve. On the other hand, regular exercise, with moderate intensity and duration, has a wide range of beneficial effects on the body including the fact that it improves cardio-vascular function, partly by a nitric oxide-mediated adaptation, and may reduce the incidence of Alzheimer's disease by enhanced concentration of neurotrophins and by the modulation of redox homeostasis. Mechanical damage-mediated adaptation results in increased muscle mass and increased resistance to stressors. Physical inactivity or strenuous exercise bouts increase the risk of infection, while moderate exercise up-regulates the immune system. Single bouts of exercise increases, and regular exercise decreases the oxidative challenge to the body, whereas excessive exercise and overtraining lead to damaging oxidative stress and thus are an indication of the other end point of the hormetic response. Based upon the genetic setup, regular moderate physical exercise/activity provides systemic beneficial effects, including improved physiological function, decreased incidence of disease and a higher quality of life.
缺乏身体活动会导致多种疾病的发病率增加，它可被视为运动相关兴奋效应曲线的终点之一。另一方面，适度强度和时长的规律运动对身体有广泛的有益影响，包括改善心血管功能，部分是通过一氧化氮介导的适应性变化实现的，还可能通过增加神经营养因子的浓度和调节氧化还原稳态来降低阿尔茨海默病的发病率。机械损伤介导的适应性变化会导致肌肉量增加以及对应激源的抵抗力增强。缺乏身体活动或剧烈运动发作会增加感染风险，而适度运动则会上调免疫系统。单次运动发作会增加，而规律运动则会减少对身体的氧化挑战，然而过度运动和过度训练会导致有害的氧化应激，因此这是兴奋效应反应另一端点的一个指标。基于基因构成，规律的适度体育锻炼/活动会带来全身性的有益影响，包括改善生理功能、降低疾病发病率以及提高生活质量。
