Davis Anne R, Castaño Paula M
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Annu Rev Sex Res. 2004;15:297-320.
Oral contraceptives (OCs) provide safe, effective, and reversible contraception and are widely used by women for fertility control. Little is known about the effects of OCs on sexual functioning. This paper critically examines the published literature addressing the impact of OCs on sexual desire or libido. We reviewed 30 original research studies. In the retrospective, uncontrolled studies (n = 17), it was found that most women reported an increase in libido during OC use. In the uncontrolled, prospective studies (n = 4), it was found that most women reported little change in libido during OC use. In the prospective and cross-sectional controlled studies (n = 4), women using OCs reported both increased and decreased libido compared to non-OC users. The findings from randomized, placebo-controlled studies (n = 5) were mixed: In the most recent and well-conducted trial, a decrease in libido in OC users compared to placebo users was found. Overall, women experience positive effects, negative effects, as well as no effect on libido during OC use. Better-designed studies are needed to establish the independent, causal effects of OCs on libido.
口服避孕药（OCs）提供了安全、有效且可逆的避孕方式，被女性广泛用于控制生育。关于口服避孕药对性功能的影响，人们了解甚少。本文批判性地审视了已发表的有关口服避孕药对性欲影响的文献。我们回顾了30项原创性研究。在回顾性、非对照研究（n = 17）中，发现大多数女性报告在使用口服避孕药期间性欲增强。在非对照前瞻性研究（n = 4）中，发现大多数女性报告在使用口服避孕药期间性欲变化不大。在前瞻性和横断面对照研究（n = 4）中，与未使用口服避孕药的女性相比，使用口服避孕药的女性报告性欲有增强也有减弱。随机、安慰剂对照研究（n = 5）的结果不一：在最近开展的一项设计良好的试验中，发现与安慰剂使用者相比，口服避孕药使用者的性欲有所下降。总体而言，女性在使用口服避孕药期间，性欲会受到积极影响、消极影响，也可能没有影响。需要开展设计更优的研究，以确定口服避孕药对性欲的独立因果效应。
