Kuo Irene, ul-Hasan Salman, Galai Noya, Thomas David L, Zafar Tariq, Ahmed Mohammad A, Strathdee Steffanie A
Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Harm Reduct J. 2006 Aug 16;3:26. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-3-26.
HIV and HCV risk behaviors among injection drug users (IDUs) in two urban areas in Pakistan were identified.
From May to June 2003, 351 IDUs recruited in harm-reduction drop-in centers operated by a national non-governmental organization in Lahore (Punjab province) and Quetta (Balochistan province) completed an interviewer-administered survey and were tested for HIV and HCV. Multivariable logistic regression identified correlates of seropositivity, stratifying by site. All study participants provided written, informed consent.
All but two were male; median age was 35 and <50% had any formal education. None were HIV-positive; HCV seroprevalence was 88%. HIV awareness was relatively high, but HCV awareness was low (19%). Injection behaviors and percutaneous exposures such as drawing blood into a syringe while injecting ('jerking'), longer duration of injection, and receiving a street barber shave were significantly associated with HCV seropositivity.
Despite no HIV cases, overall HCV prevalence was very high, signaling the potential for a future HIV epidemic among IDUs across Pakistan. Programs to increase needle exchange, drug treatment and HIV and HCV awareness should be implemented immediately.
确定了巴基斯坦两个城市地区注射吸毒者中的艾滋病毒和丙型肝炎病毒风险行为。
2003年5月至6月，在拉合尔（旁遮普省）和奎达（俾路支省）由一个全国性非政府组织运营的减少伤害救助中心招募的351名注射吸毒者完成了由访谈员进行的调查，并接受了艾滋病毒和丙型肝炎病毒检测。多变量逻辑回归确定了血清阳性的相关因素，并按地点进行分层。所有研究参与者均提供了书面知情同意书。
除两人外均为男性；年龄中位数为35岁，接受过正规教育的不到50%。无人感染艾滋病毒呈阳性；丙型肝炎病毒血清阳性率为88%。艾滋病毒知晓率相对较高，但丙型肝炎病毒知晓率较低（19%）。注射行为和经皮暴露，如注射时将血液抽入注射器（“抽动”）、注射时间较长以及接受街头理发师剃须，与丙型肝炎病毒血清阳性显著相关。
尽管没有艾滋病毒病例，但总体丙型肝炎病毒患病率非常高，这表明巴基斯坦各地注射吸毒者未来有可能爆发艾滋病毒疫情。应立即实施增加针头交换、药物治疗以及艾滋病毒和丙型肝炎病毒知晓率的项目。
