Volz Kirsten G, Schubotz Ricarda I, von Cramon D Yves
Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Curr Opin Neurol. 2006 Aug;19(4):401-6. doi: 10.1097/01.wco.0000236621.83872.71.
This article reviews the most significant advances concerning the neural correlates of decision-making with emphasis on those imaging studies investigating the neural implementation of evaluative judgment processes. This is done against the background of current concepts from the field of judgment and decision-making.
Actual neuroscientific findings suggest that subject to the extent of how deeply a decision-maker has to explore his/her value system in order to reach a decision, distinguishable orbital and medial prefrontal areas will be engaged. Decisions low in costs mapping the values onto the decision problem mainly rely on orbital and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, whereas decisions high in costs particularly draw on anterior-medial and dorsomedial prefrontal areas. This suggestion is related to the anatomic properties of the respective areas.
Combining neuroimaging data with concepts from research in judgment and decision-making may facilitate advances in our understanding of the contrast between normative theories and descriptive theories of decision-making. Incorporating findings from research on decision-making behavior in patients with specific prefrontal lesions may have much to offer for an understanding of both the areas' functions and cognitive theories on decision-making.
本文回顾了决策神经关联方面的最重要进展，重点是那些研究评估判断过程神经机制的影像学研究。这是在判断与决策领域当前概念的背景下进行的。
实际的神经科学研究结果表明，根据决策者为做出决策而必须深入探索其价值体系的程度，可区分的眶额和内侧前额叶区域会被激活。将价值映射到决策问题上的低成本决策主要依赖于眶额和腹内侧前额叶皮层，而高成本决策尤其依赖于前内侧和背内侧前额叶区域。这一观点与各区域的解剖特性有关。
将神经影像学数据与判断和决策研究中的概念相结合，可能有助于我们进一步理解决策规范理论与描述理论之间的差异。纳入特定前额叶病变患者决策行为研究的结果，可能有助于理解这些区域的功能以及决策的认知理论。
