Amr Hanaa M, El-Tawila Mahmoud M, Ramadan Mohamed H M
Nutrition Dept., High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University.
J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2005;80(1-2):51-76.
Lake Mariut has suffered over the years from the untreated sewage, agricultural and industrial wastes dumped into it. Lake Mariut fish quality and quantity were adversely affected eventually being unfit for human consumption due to its poor water quality. The present study was carried out to evaluate the levels of metals in the fish caught from Lake Mariut main basin and its fitness for human consumption, and the water quality after the enforcement of the Egyptian Law for Environmental Protection (Law 4/1994). Fish and water samples were collected form Lake Mariut main basin through out the period from May to December 2000. The results showed that mercury was totally undetected in fish and water samples. The levels of Fe obtained were very low compared to previous studies. Fe and Cr contents in fish flesh were higher compared to their levels in water samples. Also Cu has shown a decrease in both fish and water samples. Zn and Cd contents in water samples have decreased compared with former studies. However, they have not changed in fish flesh. Pb content in both fish flesh and water samples has shown a great decrease compared to previous studies. The Cd and Pb mean values in fish flesh of the present study (0.81 and 0.14 mg/kg) exceeded the Egyptian Standards No. 2360/1993 value (should not exceed 0.1 mg/kg for each). The results also showed that the water quality has changed compared with previous studies. BOD has increased in north of Main Basin, east of Main Basin, South of Main Basin, and southwest of Main Basin; and deCreased in WTP effluent; and Qalaa Drain. There has been an increase in TSS, TVSS, and NO3 levels compared to pervious studies. There has been a decrease in TS, TDS, COD,hardness, and chloride levels. This decrease, especially in COD, may be attributed to the enforcement of the Egyptian Law 4/1994. The pH and alkalinity were in agreement with the values shown by previous studies except for east of Main Basin which showed higher values. The study included some recommendations aiming at improving both water quality and fish of the Main Basin.
多年来，玛丽尤特湖一直遭受未经处理的污水、倾倒其中的农业和工业废物的影响。由于水质不佳，玛丽尤特湖鱼类的质量和数量最终受到不利影响，变得不适于人类食用。本研究旨在评估从玛丽尤特湖主盆地捕获的鱼类中的金属含量及其是否适合人类食用，以及在埃及环境保护法（第4/1994号法律）实施后的水质情况。2000年5月至12月期间，从玛丽尤特湖主盆地采集了鱼类和水样。结果表明，在鱼类和水样中完全未检测到汞。与之前的研究相比，所获得的铁含量非常低。鱼肉中的铁和铬含量高于水样中的含量。此外，鱼类和水样中的铜含量均有所下降。与之前的研究相比，水样中的锌和镉含量有所下降。然而，它们在鱼肉中的含量没有变化。与之前的研究相比，鱼肉和水样中的铅含量均大幅下降。本研究中鱼肉中的镉和铅平均值（0.81和0.14毫克/千克）超过了埃及第2360/1993号标准值（每种均不应超过0.1毫克/千克）。结果还表明，与之前的研究相比，水质发生了变化。主盆地北部、主盆地东部、主盆地南部和主盆地西南部的生化需氧量有所增加；污水处理厂出水和卡拉排水渠中的生化需氧量有所下降。与之前的研究相比，总悬浮固体、总挥发性悬浮固体和硝酸盐水平有所增加。总固体、总溶解固体、化学需氧量、硬度和氯化物水平有所下降。这种下降，尤其是化学需氧量的下降，可能归因于埃及第4/1994号法律的实施。除主盆地东部显示出较高的值外，pH值和碱度与之前研究显示的值一致。该研究提出了一些旨在改善主盆地水质和鱼类状况的建议。
