Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Moharm Bey, P.O. Box 21511, Alexandria, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Apr;28(16):19742-19754. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-12121-z. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
Lake Mariut Main Basin (MB) is not only one of the three basins composing Lake Mariut (LM) but is also the main source of the popular tilapia fish to Alexandrian people. Unfortunately, this basin was consistently for about 50 successive years receiving a continuous discharge of agricultural, sewage, and industrial effluents. This has led to contamination of the flesh of its tilapia fish living there particularly with some toxic heavy metals like Cd and Pb. Lately, in 2010, a rehabilitation program was adopted and carried out to save this vital MB from such intensive pollution. This had been achieved by diverting all those polluting sources. The present work is made after elapsing about 7 years from the diversion process date, to assess and evaluate the levels of those two metals (in addition to the other four one's Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn) in the edible flesh part besides the liver and gills of this fish (Nile tilapia spec., Oreochromis niloticus), and in ambient water of this restored basin to measure the efficiency of the rehabilitation program on quality of endogenous fish. A simultaneous parallel sampling program was also commenced for the other two basins of LM. The obtained results revealed that the concentration level of the studied metals in each of the muscles of the fish and the ambient water of the restored MB becomes now not only almost alike the metal levels of the corresponding compartments of the other two basins of LM, but also they became at concentration levels lay below those of their counterpart permissible limits in fish and water recommended by national and international standards. Health risk assessment indices: bioaccumulation factor (BAF), metal pollution index (MPI), estimated daily intake (EDI), hazardous index (HI), and relative risk (RR) for the present case were estimated, assessed, and subsequently evaluated. All are referring to a fact that MB is currently in good environmental condition and producing safe fish for human consumption.
马留特湖主盆地（MB）不仅是马留特湖（LM）的三个盆地之一，也是亚历山大人民喜爱的罗非鱼的主要来源。不幸的是，这个盆地连续 50 多年来一直接收农业、污水和工业废水的连续排放。这导致了生活在那里的罗非鱼的鱼肉受到了污染，特别是含有一些有毒重金属，如 Cd 和 Pb。最近，在 2010 年，采取了一项恢复计划来拯救这个重要的 MB 免受这种密集的污染。这是通过转移所有这些污染源来实现的。本工作是在分流过程日期过去约 7 年后进行的，以评估和评估这两种金属（除了其他四种金属 Fe、Cu、Cr 和 Zn）在这种鱼类（尼罗河罗非鱼，Oreochromis niloticus）的可食用肉部分以及该恢复盆地的环境水中的水平，以衡量恢复计划对内生鱼类质量的效率。同时也为 LM 的另外两个盆地启动了一个平行的同步采样计划。结果表明，研究金属在鱼的每块肌肉和恢复 MB 的环境水中的浓度水平不仅现在几乎与 LM 的另外两个盆地相应隔室的金属水平相同，而且它们的浓度水平也低于国家和国际标准推荐的鱼类和水中对应允许限值。健康风险评估指数：生物积累因子（BAF）、金属污染指数（MPI）、估计每日摄入量（EDI）、危害指数（HI）和相对风险（RR），对当前情况进行了估计、评估和随后的评价。所有这些都表明 MB 目前的环境状况良好，并且生产安全的鱼类供人类食用。
