Horner-Devine M Claire, Bohannan Brendan J M
School of Aquatic and Fishery Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
Ecology. 2006 Jul;87(7 Suppl):S100-8. doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[100:pcaoib]2.0.co;2.
Very little is known about the structure of microbial communities, despite their abundance and importance to ecosystem processes. Recent work suggests that bacterial biodiversity might exhibit patterns similar to those of plants and animals. However, relative to our knowledge about the diversity of macro-organisms, we know little about patterns of relatedness in free-living bacterial communities, and relatively few studies have quantitatively examined community structure in a phylogenetic framework. Here we apply phylogenetic tools to bacterial diversity data to determine whether bacterial communities are phylogenetically structured. We find that bacterial communities tend to contain lower taxonomic diversity and are more likely to be phylogenetically clustered than expected by chance. Such phylogenetic clustering may indicate the importance of habitat filtering (where a group of closely related species shares a trait, or suite of traits, that allow them to persist in a given habitat) in the assembly of bacterial communities. Microbial communities are especially accessible for phylogenetic analysis and thus have the potential to figure prominently in the integration of evolutionary biology and community ecology.
尽管微生物群落数量众多且对生态系统过程至关重要，但我们对其结构却知之甚少。近期的研究表明，细菌生物多样性可能呈现出与植物和动物类似的模式。然而，相对于我们对大型生物多样性的了解，我们对自由生活细菌群落中的亲缘关系模式知之甚少，并且相对较少的研究在系统发育框架下对群落结构进行了定量研究。在这里，我们将系统发育工具应用于细菌多样性数据，以确定细菌群落是否具有系统发育结构。我们发现，细菌群落往往包含较低的分类多样性，并且比随机预期的更有可能在系统发育上聚集。这种系统发育聚集可能表明栖息地过滤（一组密切相关的物种共享一种或一套使它们能够在特定栖息地中生存的特征）在细菌群落组装中的重要性。微生物群落特别适合进行系统发育分析，因此有可能在进化生物学和群落生态学的整合中发挥重要作用。
