Delmar Charlotte, Bøje Trine, Dylmer Dorrit, Forup Lisbeth, Jakobsen Christina, Møller Majbritt, Sønder Hanne, Pedersen Birthe D
Aalborg Hospital, Arhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2006 Sep;20(3):261-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2006.00403.x.
This study shows that self-responsibility and self-control are meaningful values in the activities and decisions of everyday life. Dignity and being respected as an individual are closely connected to being able to manage on one's own and being independent of others' help. The study also shows that including other people into one's life situation can be an important sign of self-management. However, the critical interpretation shows that it is the view of the human being which determines whether help from others and self-managing on one's own can be combined. With a relational view of the human being, i.e. the basic condition that people always enter into relations of dependence, there is no contradiction between independence and dependence. In contrast, an individualist, liberalist view of the human being promotes an attitude of blaming oneself with the potential for feelings of inadequacy and guilt. The study also shows that seeking out treatment in the alternative medical sector maintain a form of continued self-control and self-responsibility. The study concludes that the nurse must work to qualify her/his sensory-based, situationally determined attentiveness and her/his view of the human being, which will include directing her/his attention towards the patient's view of the human being, values and ways of relating to oneself and to one's choices. The research design is qualitative and takes a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. The data are based on interviews with 18 chronically ill patients, divided into three groups of six patients diagnosed with 'type I' diabetes, colitis ulcerosa and patients with coronary occlusion in the rehabilitation phase. Regardless of the diagnosis, the objective of the interview study was to highlight themes in the patients' views of health and illness related to their chronic condition and the significance of these views have for their mastery of everyday life. The research method is inspired by Paul Ricoeur.
本研究表明，自我责任和自我控制在日常生活活动和决策中是有意义的价值观。尊严以及作为个体被尊重与能够独立自理、不依赖他人帮助密切相关。该研究还表明，将他人纳入自己的生活情境可能是自我管理的一个重要标志。然而，批判性解释表明，正是对人的看法决定了他人的帮助与自我管理能否相结合。从人的关系视角来看，即人总是处于依赖关系这一基本状况，独立与依赖之间不存在矛盾。相比之下，个人主义、自由主义的人的观点会促使人产生自责态度，并有产生不足感和内疚感的可能性。该研究还表明，在替代医学领域寻求治疗保持了一种持续的自我控制和自我责任形式。研究得出结论，护士必须努力提升其基于感官、情境决定的专注力以及对人的看法，这将包括将注意力转向患者对人的看法、价值观以及与自己和自身选择相关的方式。研究设计是定性的，采用现象学 - 诠释学方法。数据基于对18名慢性病患者的访谈，这些患者分为三组，每组六名，分别被诊断为“I型”糖尿病、溃疡性结肠炎以及处于康复阶段的冠状动脉闭塞患者。无论诊断结果如何，访谈研究的目的是突出患者对与慢性病相关的健康和疾病的看法中的主题，以及这些看法对他们日常生活掌控的意义。研究方法受保罗·利科的启发。
