Roesch M, Doherr M G, Blum J W
Division of Nutrition and Physiology, Institute of Animal Genetics, Nutrition and Housing, University of Bern.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2006 Aug;148(8):387-95. doi: 10.1024/0036-7281.148.8.387.
Organic dairy farms (OP; n=60) and conventional dairy farms (integrated production, IP; n=60), matched in size, location, and agricultural zone (altitude), were studied for possible differences in management, feeding, production, reproduction and udder health. OP and IP farms were similar in size (17.7 and 16.9 ha), milk quota (65900 and 70,000 kg/year), cow number (14 and 15), cow age (5.3 and 5.2 years), housing of cows of the Simmental x Red Holstein or Holstein breeds (87 and 75%; 45 and 60%), but differed significantly with respect to loose housing systems (18 and 7%), outside paddocks (98 and 75%), energy-corrected 305-d milk yield (5,695 and 6,059 kg), milk protein content (31.8 and 32.7 g/kg), use of bucket milking systems (73 and 33%), observance of regular (12-h) milking intervals (47 and 68%), routine application of the California-Mastitis-Test (10 and 28%), teat dipping after milking (25 and 43%) and blanket dry cow treatments (0 and 45%). Milk somatic cell counts on OP and IP farms (119 000 and 117,000/mL) and reproduction data were similar and there were no significant differences between OP and IP farms as concerns available feeds, planning and management of feeding. Alternative veterinary treatments were used more often on OP than IP farms (55 and 17%). Main causes for cow replacements on OP and IP farms were fertility disorders (both 45%), age (40 and 42%), sale (30 and 37%) and udder health (35 and 13%). Between OP and IP Swiss dairy farms thus relatively few larger differences were found.
对规模、位置和农业区域（海拔）相匹配的有机奶牛场（OP；n = 60）和传统奶牛场（综合生产，IP；n = 60），研究其在管理、饲养、生产、繁殖和乳房健康方面可能存在的差异。OP农场和IP农场在规模（17.7和16.9公顷）、牛奶配额（65900和70000千克/年）、奶牛数量（14头和15头）、奶牛年龄（5.3岁和5.2岁）、西门塔尔×红荷斯坦或荷斯坦品种奶牛的饲养比例（87%和75%；45%和60%）方面相似，但在散养系统（18%和7%）、室外围场（98%和75%）、能量校正后的305天产奶量（5695和6059千克）、牛奶蛋白质含量（31.8和32.7克/千克）、使用桶式挤奶系统（73%和33%）、遵守常规（12小时）挤奶间隔（47%和68%）、常规应用加利福尼亚乳房炎检测（10%和28%）、挤奶后乳头药浴（25%和43%）以及全群干奶牛治疗（0和45%）方面存在显著差异。OP农场和IP农场的牛奶体细胞计数（119000和117000/mL）及繁殖数据相似，在可获得的饲料、饲养计划和管理方面，OP农场和IP农场之间没有显著差异。与IP农场相比，OP农场更频繁地使用替代兽医治疗方法（55%和17%）。OP农场和IP农场奶牛淘汰的主要原因是繁殖障碍（均为45%）、年龄（40%和42%）、出售（30%和37%）和乳房健康（35%和13%）。因此，在OP瑞士奶牛场和IP瑞士奶牛场之间发现的较大差异相对较少。
