Datta Rajiv V, Petrelli Nicholas J, Ramzy Joseph
Division of Surgical Oncology and Head & Neck Surgery, South Nassau Cancer Center, 1 S. Central Avenue, Valley Stream, New York 11791, USA.
Surg Oncol. 2006 Jul;15(1):33-42. doi: 10.1016/j.suronc.2006.07.002. Epub 2006 Aug 28.
Thyroid nodules are present in 4-10% of the adult population. However, less than 1% of all cancers occur in the thyroid gland. Thyroid nodules are usually an incidental finding in a routine clinical or an ultrasound examination of the neck performed for some other reason. Differentiating a benign nodule, which may require no specific treatment, from a malignant nodule presents a diagnostic dilemma. An individualized approach to a patient with history, risk factors and fine needle cytology is warranted. Molecular markers and immunohistochemical studies done on thyroid nodule cytology may help in differentiating benign from malignant. This article presents a review of the literature for the diagnosis and management of the thyroid nodule.
甲状腺结节在4%至10%的成年人群中存在。然而，所有癌症中发生在甲状腺的不到1%。甲状腺结节通常是在因其他原因进行的常规临床检查或颈部超声检查中偶然发现的。区分可能无需特殊治疗的良性结节与恶性结节存在诊断难题。对于有病史、危险因素和细针穿刺细胞学检查结果的患者，采用个体化方法是必要的。对甲状腺结节细胞学进行分子标记和免疫组化研究可能有助于区分良性与恶性。本文对甲状腺结节的诊断和管理相关文献进行综述。
