Budhu Anuradha, Wang Xin Wei
National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Dr., Bldg. 37, Rm. 3044A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
J Leukoc Biol. 2006 Dec;80(6):1197-213. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0506297. Epub 2006 Aug 31.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent malignancy worldwide with a high rate of metastasis. The hepatitis B and C viruses are considered major etiological factors associated with the development of HCC, particularly as a result of their induction of chronic inflammation. There is increasing evidence that the inflammatory process is inherently associated with many different cancer types, including HCC. Specifically, this review aims to cover evidence for the potential roles of cytokines, an important component of the immune system, in promoting HCC carcinogenesis and progression. A global summary of cytokine levels, functions, polymorphisms, and therapies with regard to HCC is presented. In particular, the role of proinflammatory Th1 and anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokine imbalances in the microenvironment of HCC patients with metastasis and the possible clinical significance of these findings are addressed. Overall, multiple studies, spanning many decades, have begun to elucidate the important role of cytokines in HCC.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球常见的恶性肿瘤，转移率很高。乙型和丙型肝炎病毒被认为是与HCC发生相关的主要病因，特别是由于它们诱导慢性炎症。越来越多的证据表明，炎症过程与包括HCC在内的许多不同癌症类型存在内在关联。具体而言，本综述旨在涵盖细胞因子（免疫系统的重要组成部分）在促进HCC致癌作用和进展中的潜在作用的证据。本文对HCC的细胞因子水平、功能、多态性及治疗进行了全面总结。特别讨论了促炎Th1和抗炎Th2细胞因子失衡在有转移的HCC患者微环境中的作用以及这些发现可能的临床意义。总体而言，几十年来的多项研究已开始阐明细胞因子在HCC中的重要作用。
