Peluso Michael R
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006 Sep;231(8):1287-99. doi: 10.1177/153537020623100802.
Plant flavonoids are widely distributed polyphenolic compounds of the human diet. They consist of six major classes based on specific structural differences: flavonols, flavones, flavanones, catechins, anthocyanidins, and isoflavones. All of the major classes of flavonoids are comprised of three six-membered rings: an aromatic A-ring fused to a heterocyclic C-ring that is attached through a single carbon-carbon bond to an aromatic Bring. Population studies have shown that flavonoid intake is inversely correlated with mortality from cardiovascular disease, and numerous flavonoids of dietary significance have been shown to beneficially impact parameters associated with atherosclerosis, including lipoprotein oxidation, blood platelet aggregation, and vascular reactivity. Therapeutic effects of flavonoids on platelet aggregability and blood pressure have been attributed to competitive inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE), an elevation in cAMP level, and subsequent activation of protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase). In addition, flavonoids may induce neutral lipid hydrolysis from lipid stores through PDE inhibition in adipose tissue and liver. Indeed, the three-dimensional structure of many flavonoids is sterically and electrostatically compatible with the catalytic site of cAMP PDE3 and PDE4. Flavonoids have also been reported to suppress pathways of lipid biosynthesis and of very low-density lipoprotein production in cultured hepatocytes. Continued studies of the biochemical mechanisms underlying the biological effects of plant flavonoids may uncover new strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, as well as associated conditions such as obesity, hepatic steatosis, and Type 2 diabetes.
植物黄酮类化合物是人类饮食中广泛分布的多酚类化合物。根据特定的结构差异，它们可分为六大类：黄酮醇、黄酮、黄烷酮、儿茶素、花青素和异黄酮。所有主要类别的黄酮类化合物均由三个六元环组成：一个芳香A环与一个杂环C环稠合，该杂环C环通过单碳-碳键与一个芳香B环相连。人群研究表明，黄酮类化合物的摄入量与心血管疾病死亡率呈负相关，并且已证明许多具有饮食意义的黄酮类化合物对与动脉粥样硬化相关的参数具有有益影响，包括脂蛋白氧化、血小板聚集和血管反应性。黄酮类化合物对血小板聚集性和血压的治疗作用归因于对环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶（PDE）的竞争性抑制、cAMP水平的升高以及随后蛋白激酶A（cAMP依赖性蛋白激酶）的激活。此外，黄酮类化合物可能通过抑制脂肪组织和肝脏中的PDE来诱导脂质储存中的中性脂质水解。实际上，许多黄酮类化合物的三维结构在空间和静电方面与cAMP PDE3和PDE4的催化位点兼容。据报道，黄酮类化合物还可抑制培养肝细胞中脂质生物合成途径和极低密度脂蛋白的产生。对植物黄酮类化合物生物学效应背后的生化机制的持续研究可能会揭示治疗心血管疾病以及肥胖、肝脂肪变性和2型糖尿病等相关病症的新策略。
