Department of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2013 Feb;24(1):34-40. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32835c07fd.
Citrus flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with powerful biological properties. This review aims to summarize recent advances towards understanding the ability of citrus flavonoids to regulate lipid metabolism and other metabolic parameters relevant to the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Citrus flavonoids, including naringenin, hesperidin, nobiletin and tangeretin, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of metabolic dysregulation. Epidemiological studies report that intake of citrus flavonoid-containing foods attenuates cardiovascular diseases. Experimental and a limited number of clinical studies reveal lipid-lowering, insulin-sensitizing, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties. In animal models, citrus flavonoid supplements prevent hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia and insulin sensitivity primarily through inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis and increased fatty acid oxidation. Citrus flavonoids blunt the inflammatory response in metabolically important tissues including liver, adipose tissue, kidney and the aorta. The mechanisms underlying flavonoid-induced metabolic regulation have not been completely established. In mouse models, citrus flavonoids show marked suppression of atherogenesis through improved metabolic parameters and also through direct impact on the vessel wall.
These recent studies suggest an important role of citrus flavonoids in the treatment of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, obesity and atherosclerosis. The favorable outcomes are achieved through multiple mechanisms. Human studies focussed on dose, bioavailability, efficacy and safety are required to propel the use of these promising therapeutic agents into the clinical arena.
柑橘类黄酮是具有强大生物学特性的多酚化合物。本综述旨在总结近期在理解柑橘类黄酮调节脂代谢和其他与代谢综合征、2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病相关代谢参数的能力方面的最新进展。
包括柚皮苷、橙皮苷、诺必灵和桔皮素在内的柑橘类黄酮已成为治疗代谢失调的有前途的治疗剂。流行病学研究报告称，摄入含柑橘类黄酮的食物可减轻心血管疾病。实验和有限数量的临床研究揭示了其具有降低血脂、胰岛素增敏、降压和抗炎作用。在动物模型中，柑橘类黄酮补充剂通过抑制肝内脂肪酸合成和增加脂肪酸氧化来预防肝脂肪变性、血脂异常和胰岛素敏感性。柑橘类黄酮可减轻肝脏、脂肪组织、肾脏和主动脉等代谢重要组织中的炎症反应。黄酮类化合物诱导代谢调节的机制尚未完全确定。在小鼠模型中，柑橘类黄酮通过改善代谢参数以及直接对血管壁的影响，显著抑制动脉粥样硬化形成。
这些最近的研究表明，柑橘类黄酮在治疗血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗、肝脂肪变性、肥胖和动脉粥样硬化方面具有重要作用。这些有利的结果是通过多种机制实现的。需要进行人类研究，重点关注剂量、生物利用度、疗效和安全性，以推动这些有前途的治疗剂进入临床领域。
