Boulware L E, Troll M U, Wang N Y, Powe N R
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Am J Transplant. 2006 Nov;6(11):2774-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01532.x. Epub 2006 Sep 4.
Attitudes toward monetary and nonmonetary incentives for living (LD) and deceased donation (DD) among the U.S. general public and different racial/ethnic and income groups have not been systematically studied. We studied attitudes via a telephone questionnaire administered to persons aged 18-75 in the continental United States. Among 845 participants (85% of randomized households), less than one-fifth participants were in favor of incentives for DD (range 7-17%). Most persons were in favor of reimbursement of medical costs (91%), paid leave (84%) and priority on the waiting list (59%) for LD. African Americans and Hispanics were more likely than Whites to be in favor of some incentives for DD. African Americans were more likely than Whites to be in favor of monetary incentives for LD. Whites with incomes less than $20 000 were more likely than Whites with greater incomes to be in favor of reimbursement for deceased donors' funeral expenses or medical expenses. The U.S. public is not generally supportive of incentives for DD, but is supportive of limited incentives for LD. Racial/ethnic minorities are more supportive than Whites of some incentives. Persons with low income may be more accepting of certain monetary incentives.
美国普通公众以及不同种族/族裔和收入群体对活体捐赠（LD）和已故捐赠（DD）的货币及非货币激励措施的态度尚未得到系统研究。我们通过对美国大陆18至75岁人群进行电话问卷调查来研究态度。在845名参与者（占随机抽取家庭的85%）中，不到五分之一的参与者赞成对已故捐赠给予激励（范围为7%-17%）。大多数人赞成对活体捐赠者报销医疗费用（91%）、给予带薪休假（84%）以及在等候名单上给予优先权（59%）。非裔美国人和西班牙裔比白人更有可能赞成对已故捐赠给予某些激励。非裔美国人比白人更有可能赞成对活体捐赠给予货币激励。收入低于2万美元的白人比收入较高的白人更有可能赞成报销已故捐赠者的丧葬费用或医疗费用。美国公众总体上不支持对已故捐赠给予激励，但支持对活体捐赠给予有限激励。少数种族/族裔比白人更支持某些激励措施。低收入人群可能更能接受某些货币激励。
