日常压力与认知的个体内耦合
Intraindividual coupling of daily stress and cognition.
作者信息
Sliwinski Martin J, Smyth Joshua M, Hofer Scott M, Stawski Robert S
机构信息
Department of Psychology and Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, NY 13244, USA.
出版信息
Psychol Aging. 2006 Sep;21(3):545-57. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.3.545.
Most psychological theories predict associations among processes that transpire within individuals. However, these theories are often tested by examining relationships at the between-persons (BP) rather than the within-persons (WP) level. The authors examined the WP and BP relationships between daily stress and daily variability in cognitive performance. Daily stress and cognitive performance were assessed on 6 occasions in 108 older adults and 68 young adults. WP variability in stress predicted WP variability in response times (RTs) on a 2-back working memory task in both younger and older adults. That is, RTs were slower on high-stress days compared with low-stress days. There was evidence of an amplified WP stress effect in the older adults on a serial attention task. There was no evidence of stress effects on simple versions of these tasks that placed minimal demands on working memory. These results are consistent with theories that postulate that stress-related cognitive interference competes for attentional resources.
大多数心理学理论预测个体内部发生的各种过程之间存在关联。然而，这些理论通常通过检验个体间（BP）而非个体内（WP）层面的关系来进行验证。作者研究了日常压力与认知表现的日常变异性之间的个体内和个体间关系。对108名老年人和68名年轻人在6个时间段评估了日常压力和认知表现。在年轻人和老年人中，压力的个体内变异性均能预测在2-back工作记忆任务中的反应时间（RTs）的个体内变异性。也就是说，与低压力日相比，高压力日的反应时间更慢。有证据表明，在连续注意力任务中，老年人存在个体内压力效应放大的情况。在对工作记忆要求极低的这些任务的简单版本中，没有压力效应的证据。这些结果与假设压力相关的认知干扰会争夺注意力资源的理论一致。
Zotero 插件