Mehl Matthias R
Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Psychol Assess. 2006 Sep;18(3):340-5. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.18.3.340.
This study examined how laypersons assess subclinical depression in others on the basis of information about their daily lives. For 2 days, 96 participants were tracked with the Electronically Activated Recorder, a naturalistic observation method that samples ambient sounds from participants' momentary environments. Judges rated participants' levels of depression after listening to the sampled ambient sounds. Participants' depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory. Overall, judges showed little accuracy at determining participants' levels of depressive symptoms from the ambient sounds. Exploratory analyses, however, revealed that judges were more accurate among moderately and severely depressed participants, presumably because the cues judges used to assess depression (e.g., spending time alone, not socializing, not laughing) discriminated successfully only at high levels of subclinical depression.
本研究考察了外行人如何根据他人日常生活信息来评估其亚临床抑郁状况。在两天时间里，使用电子激活记录仪对96名参与者进行跟踪，这是一种自然观察方法，可从参与者的即时环境中采集周围声音。评判者在听取采样的周围声音后对参与者的抑郁水平进行评分。用贝克抑郁量表评估参与者的抑郁症状。总体而言，评判者根据周围声音判断参与者抑郁症状水平的准确性较低。然而，探索性分析表明，在中度和重度抑郁的参与者中，评判者的判断更准确，大概是因为评判者用于评估抑郁的线索（例如，独自消磨时间、不社交、不笑）仅在亚临床抑郁程度较高时才能成功区分。
