Mehl Matthias R, Gosling Samuel D, Pennebaker James W
Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2006 May;90(5):862-77. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.862.
To examine the expression of personality in its natural habitat, the authors tracked 96 participants over 2 days using the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), which samples snippets of ambient sounds in participants' immediate environments. Participants' Big Five scores were correlated with EAR-derived information on their daily social interactions, locations, activities, moods, and language use; these quotidian manifestations were generally consistent with the trait definitions and (except for Openness) often gender specific. To identify implicit folk theories about daily manifestations of personality, the authors correlated the EAR-derived information with impressions of participants based on their EAR sounds; judges' implicit folk theories were generally accurate (especially for Extraversion) and also partially gender specific. The findings point to the importance of naturalistic observation studies on how personality is expressed and perceived in the natural stream of everyday behavior.
为了在自然环境中研究人格的表现，作者使用电子激活记录器（EAR）对96名参与者进行了为期两天的跟踪，该记录器会采集参与者周围环境中的声音片段。参与者的大五人格得分与从EAR中获取的关于他们日常社交互动、地点、活动、情绪和语言使用的信息相关；这些日常表现通常与特质定义一致，并且（除开放性外）往往具有性别特异性。为了确定关于人格日常表现的隐性民间理论，作者将从EAR中获取的信息与基于参与者EAR声音形成的印象进行了关联；评判者的隐性民间理论通常是准确的（尤其是对于外向性），并且也部分具有性别特异性。研究结果表明了自然观察研究对于了解人格在日常行为自然流中的表现和认知的重要性。
