Munichor Nira, Erev Ido, Lotem Arnon
Max Wertheimer Minerva Center for Cognitive Studies, Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2006 Sep;12(3):129-41. doi: 10.1037/1076-898X.12.3.129.
Four experiments are presented that explore situations in which a decision maker has to rely on personal experience in an attempt to minimize delays. Experiment 1 shows that risk-attitude in these timesaving decisions is similar to risk-attitude in money-related decisions from experience: A risky prospect is more attractive than a safer prospect with the same expected value only when it leads to a better outcome most of the time. Experiment 2 highlights a boundary condition: It suggests that a difficulty in ranking the relevant delays moves behavior toward random choice. Experiments 3 and 4 show that when actions must be taken during the delay (thereby helping compare delays), this increases the similarity of timesaving decisions to money-related decisions. In these settings the results reflect an increase in risk aversion with experience. The relationship of the results to the study of non-human time-related decisions, human money-related decisions and human time perception is discussed.
本文介绍了四项实验，这些实验探索了决策者必须依靠个人经验以尽量减少延迟的情况。实验1表明，在这些节省时间的决策中，风险态度与基于经验的金钱相关决策中的风险态度相似：只有当一个有风险的前景在大多数情况下能带来更好的结果时，它才会比具有相同预期价值的更安全的前景更具吸引力。实验2突出了一个边界条件：它表明在对相关延迟进行排序时的困难会使行为趋向于随机选择。实验3和实验4表明，当必须在延迟期间采取行动时（从而有助于比较延迟），这会增加节省时间的决策与金钱相关决策的相似性。在这些情况下，结果反映出随着经验的增加，风险厌恶情绪也在增加。本文还讨论了这些结果与非人类时间相关决策、人类金钱相关决策以及人类时间感知研究之间的关系。
