Nettle Daniel
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom.
Am Psychol. 2006 Sep;61(6):622-31. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.61.6.622.
A comprehensive evolutionary framework for understanding the maintenance of heritable behavioral variation in humans is yet to be developed. Some evolutionary psychologists have argued that heritable variation will not be found in important, fitness-relevant characteristics because of the winnowing effect of natural selection. This article propounds the opposite view. Heritable variation is ubiquitous in all species, and there are a number of frameworks for understanding its persistence. The author argues that each of the Big Five dimensions of human personality can be seen as the result of a trade-off between different fitness costs and benefits. As there is no unconditionally optimal value of these trade-offs, it is to be expected that genetic diversity will be retained in the population.
一个用于理解人类可遗传行为变异维持机制的全面进化框架尚未建立。一些进化心理学家认为，由于自然选择的筛选作用，在重要的、与适应性相关的特征中不会发现可遗传变异。本文提出了相反的观点。可遗传变异在所有物种中普遍存在，并且有许多框架来理解其持续性。作者认为，人格的五大维度中的每一个都可以被视为不同适应性成本和收益之间权衡的结果。由于这些权衡没有无条件的最优值，因此可以预期种群中会保留遗传多样性。
