Turner Susan M, Scott-Tucker Anthony, Cooper Lisa M, Henderson Ian R
Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006 Oct;263(1):10-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00401.x.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common cause of food and water-borne E. coli-mediated human diarrhoea worldwide. The incidence in developing countries is estimated at 650 million cases per year, resulting in 800 000 deaths, primarily in children under the age of five. ETEC is also the most common cause of diarrhoea among travellers, including the military, from industrialized nations to less developed countries. In addition, ETEC is a major pathogen of animals, being responsible for scours in cattle and neonatal and postweaning diarrhoea in pigs and resulting in significant financial losses. Studies on the pathogenesis of ETEC infections have concentrated on the plasmid-encoded heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxins and on the plasmid-encoded antigenically variable colonization factors. Relatively little work has been carried out on chromosomally encoded virulence factors. Here, we review the known virulence factors of ETEC and highlight the future for combating this major disease.
产肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC）是全球范围内由大肠杆菌介导的经食物和水传播的人类腹泻的最常见病因。据估计，发展中国家每年的发病率为6.5亿例，导致80万人死亡，主要是五岁以下儿童。ETEC也是从工业化国家前往欠发达国家的旅行者（包括军人）腹泻的最常见病因。此外，ETEC是动物的主要病原体，可导致牛腹泻以及猪的新生仔猪腹泻和断奶后腹泻，并造成重大经济损失。关于ETEC感染发病机制的研究主要集中在质粒编码的热稳定和热不稳定肠毒素以及质粒编码的抗原性可变定植因子上。关于染色体编码的毒力因子的研究相对较少。在此，我们综述了ETEC已知的毒力因子，并强调了对抗这一主要疾病的未来方向。
