Wells J Elisabeth, Browne Mark A Oakley, Scott Kate M, McGee Magnus A, Baxter Joanne, Kokaua Jesse
Department of Public Health and General Practice, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006 Oct;40(10):845-54. doi: 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01903.x.
To estimate the 12 month prevalence of DSM-IV disorders in New Zealand, and associated interference with life and severity.
A nationally representative face-to-face household survey carried out in 2003-2004. A fully structured diagnostic interview, the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) was used. There were 12,992 completed interviews from participants aged 16 years and over. The overall response rate was 73.3%. In this paper the outcomes reported are 12 month prevalence, interference with life and severity for individual disorders.
The prevalence of any disorder in the past 12 months was 20.7%. The prevalences for disorder groups were: anxiety disorders 14.8%, mood disorders 7.9%, substance use disorders 3.5%, eating disorders 0.5%. The highest prevalences for individual disorders were for specific phobia (7.3%), major depressive disorder (5.7%) and social phobia (5.1%). Interference with life was higher for mood disorders than for anxiety disorders. Drug dependence, bipolar disorder and dysthymia had the highest proportion of severe cases (over 50%), when severity was assessed over the disorder itself and all comorbid disorders. Overall, only 31.7% of cases were classified as mild with 45.6% moderate and 22.7% serious.
Compared with other World Mental Health survey sites New Zealand has relatively high prevalences, although almost always a little lower than for the US. For all disorders, except specific phobia, interference with life was reported to be moderate, on average, which has lead to less than a third of cases being classified as mild. Most people who have ever met full DSM-IV criteria, including the impairment criterion, and who experience symptoms or an episode in the past 12 months find that their disorders impact on their lives to a non-trivial extent.
评估新西兰精神疾病诊断与统计手册第四版（DSM-IV）所定义疾病的12个月患病率，以及与之相关的生活干扰情况和疾病严重程度。
2003年至2004年开展了一项具有全国代表性的面对面家庭调查。采用了完全结构化的诊断访谈工具，即世界卫生组织世界心理健康调查倡议版的复合国际诊断访谈（CIDI 3.0）。共有12992名年龄在16岁及以上的参与者完成了访谈。总体应答率为73.3%。本文报告的结果是个体疾病的12个月患病率、生活干扰情况和严重程度。
过去12个月内任何疾病的患病率为20.7%。各类疾病组的患病率分别为：焦虑症14.8%，情绪障碍7.9%，物质使用障碍3.5%，进食障碍0.5%。个体疾病中患病率最高的是特定恐惧症（7.3%）、重度抑郁症（5.7%）和社交恐惧症（5.1%）。情绪障碍对生活的干扰高于焦虑症。在评估疾病本身及所有共病的严重程度时，药物依赖、双相情感障碍和心境恶劣障碍的重症病例比例最高（超过50%）。总体而言，只有31.7%的病例被归类为轻度，45.6%为中度，22.7%为重度。
与世界心理健康调查的其他站点相比，新西兰的患病率相对较高，不过几乎总是略低于美国。除特定恐惧症外，所有疾病对生活的干扰平均而言被报告为中度，这导致不到三分之一的病例被归类为轻度。在过去12个月内，大多数曾符合完整的DSM-IV标准（包括损害标准）且经历过症状或发作的人发现，他们的疾病对其生活产生了不小的影响。
