Olatunji Bunmi O, Schottenbauer Michele A, Rodriguez Benjamin F, Glass Carol R, Arnkoff Diane B
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 301 Wilson Hall, 111 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37203, United States.
J Anxiety Disord. 2007;21(4):540-53. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.08.005. Epub 2006 Sep 7.
The present studies investigated the structure, correlates, and predictors of worry, as assessed by the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), in a large nonclinical sample (N=1439). Exploratory factor analysis of the PSWQ in Study 1 revealed a two-factor solution (Worry Engagement and Absence of Worry). Confirmatory factor analysis in Study 2 indicated that the two-factor solution provided a better fit to the data than a one-factor model. The PSWQ and its factors evidenced good internal consistency, and correlations with measures of positive and negative state-trait variables provided evidence for good convergent and discriminant validity in both studies. Evidence for the specificity of the two-factor solution was also found such that the Worry Engagement factor demonstrated higher correlations with negative state-trait variables than the Absence of Worry factor. However, path analyses in Study 3 examining predictors of worry provided support for a one-factor solution to the PSWQ. Furthermore, path analyses showed that trait anxiety significantly mediated the relationship between negative characteristics and worry, whereas trait anxiety inversely mediated the relationship between positive characteristics and worry. These findings support the use of the PSWQ in research examining the nature of worry and highlight how positive and negative characteristics may have unique relations with worry in the context of trait anxiety.
本研究在一个大型非临床样本（N = 1439）中，调查了由宾夕法尼亚州立大学忧虑问卷（PSWQ）评估的忧虑的结构、相关因素及预测因素。研究1中对PSWQ进行探索性因素分析，得出了一个双因素解决方案（忧虑投入和无忧虑）。研究2中的验证性因素分析表明，与单因素模型相比，双因素解决方案对数据的拟合效果更好。PSWQ及其因素具有良好的内部一致性，并且与正负状态-特质变量测量值的相关性为两项研究中的良好收敛效度和区分效度提供了证据。还发现了双因素解决方案特异性的证据，即忧虑投入因素与负性状态-特质变量的相关性高于无忧虑因素。然而，研究3中检验忧虑预测因素的路径分析支持了PSWQ的单因素解决方案。此外，路径分析表明，特质焦虑显著中介了负性特征与忧虑之间的关系，而特质焦虑反向中介了正性特征与忧虑之间的关系。这些发现支持在研究忧虑本质时使用PSWQ，并突出了在特质焦虑背景下正负性特征与忧虑可能存在独特关系。
