Montero-Marín Jesús, Gaete Jorge, Demarzo Marcelo, Rodero Baltasar, Lopez Luiz C Serrano, García-Campayo Javier
Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
Front Psychol. 2016 Aug 30;7:1281. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01281. eCollection 2016.
The use of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) as a single measure has been pointed out as problematic by many authors and its originally proposed structure has repeatedly been called into question. The negative facets of this construct are more strongly related to psychopathology than the positive indicators. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the different structures proposed for the SCS, including a new measure based only on the negative factors, and to assess the psychometric features of the more plausible solution.
The study employed a cross-sectional and cross-cultural design. A sample of Brazilian (n = 406) and Spanish (n = 416) primary care professionals completed the SCS, and other questionnaires to measure psychological health-related variables. The SCS factor structure was estimated using confirmatory factor analysis by the maximum likelihood method. Internal consistency was assessed by squaring the correlation between the latent true variable and the observed variables. The relationships between the SCS and other constructs were analyzed using Spearman's r s .
The structure with the best fit was comprised of the three negative first-order factors of "self-judgment", "isolation" and "over-identification", and one negative second-order factor, which has been named "self-criticism" [CFI = 0.92; RMSEA = 0.06 (90% CI = 0.05-0.07); SRMR = 0.05]. This solution was supported by both samples, presented partial metric invariance [CFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.06 (90% CI = 0.05-0.06); SRMR = 0.06], and showed significant correlations with other health-related psychological constructs. Reliability was adequate for all the dimensions (R ≥ 0.70).
The original structure proposed for the SCS was not supported by the data. Self-criticism, comprising only the negative SCS factors, might be a measure of uncompassionate behaviors toward the self, with good psychometric properties and practical implications from a clinical point of view, reaching a stable structure and overcoming possible methodological artifacts.
许多作者指出，将自我同情量表（SCS）作为单一测量工具存在问题，其最初提出的结构也多次受到质疑。该结构的消极方面比积极指标与精神病理学的关联更强。本研究的目的是评估和比较为SCS提出的不同结构，包括仅基于消极因素的新测量方法，并评估更合理解决方案的心理测量特征。
本研究采用横断面和跨文化设计。巴西（n = 406）和西班牙（n = 416）的初级保健专业人员样本完成了SCS以及其他用于测量心理健康相关变量的问卷。通过最大似然法使用验证性因素分析来估计SCS的因素结构。通过对潜在真实变量与观察变量之间的相关性进行平方来评估内部一致性。使用斯皮尔曼相关系数r s分析SCS与其他结构之间的关系。
拟合度最佳的结构由“自我评判”“孤立”和“过度认同”这三个消极一阶因素以及一个消极二阶因素组成，该二阶因素被命名为“自我批评”[比较拟合指数（CFI）= 0.92；均方根误差近似值（RMSEA）= 0.06（90%置信区间= 0.05 - 0.07）；标准化残差均方根（SRMR）= 0.05]。该解决方案得到了两个样本的支持，呈现出部分度量不变性[CFI = 0.91；RMSEA = 0.06（90%置信区间= 0.05 - 0.06）；SRMR = 0.06]，并且与其他健康相关的心理结构显示出显著相关性。所有维度的信度都足够（R≥0.70）。
数据不支持为SCS最初提出的结构。仅包含SCS消极因素的自我批评可能是一种衡量对自我缺乏同情行为的方法，具有良好的心理测量特性以及从临床角度来看的实际意义，具有稳定的结构并克服了可能的方法学假象。
