Parsyan Armen, Addo-Yobo Emmanuel, Owusu-Ofori Shirley, Akpene Henrietta, Sarkodie Francis, Allain Jean-Pierre
Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Transfusion. 2006 Sep;46(9):1593-600. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00952.x.
Human erythrovirus (parvovirus) B19 is transmitted by transfusion of blood, blood components, and plasma derivatives and is resistant to most viral inactivation methods. B19 genotype 3 is prevalent in Ghana, and no related clinical information is available.
This study assessed the transmission of B19 genotype 3 by transfusion and the potential effect of transfused B19 antibodies in viremic recipients. Immunological aspects of B19 genotype 3 infection in children mainly transfused for acute malarial anemia were examined. Molecular and serologic methods adapted to genotype 3 were developed and used.
Among 114 donor-recipient pairs from Ghana, two donations contained B19 DNA and specific antibodies, and no evidence of transmission was found. B19 immunoglobulin G (IgG)-containing whole blood was transfused to 14 B19 DNA-positive recipients. Three recipients with detectable levels of IgG to B19 failed to clear viremia 1 to 2.3 months after transfusion. Ten recipients without IgG to VP2 before transfusion cleared the virus but failed to develop an immune response to B19 within 1 to 2 months after transfusion. Only 1 patient who received little specific IgG by transfusion produced detectable antibodies.
Low levels of B19 genotype 3 DNA associated with specific IgG are not infectious by transfusion. Viral clearance and apparent down regulation of immune response to B19 may be related to removal of the viral antigens by transfused antibodies and/or immunomodulatory effect of transfusion.
人红细胞病毒（细小病毒）B19通过输血、血液成分和血浆衍生物传播，并且对大多数病毒灭活方法具有抗性。B19基因型3在加纳流行，尚无相关临床信息。
本研究评估了输血传播B19基因型3的情况以及输血的B19抗体对病毒血症受者的潜在影响。对主要因急性疟疾性贫血而接受输血的儿童中B19基因型3感染的免疫学方面进行了检查。开发并使用了适用于基因型3的分子和血清学方法。
在来自加纳的114对供受者中，两份献血中含有B19 DNA和特异性抗体，但未发现传播证据。将含B19免疫球蛋白G（IgG）的全血输给了14名B19 DNA阳性受者。3名对B19 IgG检测水平可测的受者在输血后1至2.3个月未能清除病毒血症。10名输血前对VP2无IgG的受者清除了病毒，但在输血后1至2个月内未能对B19产生免疫反应。只有1名通过输血接受少量特异性IgG的患者产生了可检测到的抗体。
与特异性IgG相关的低水平B19基因型3 DNA不会通过输血传播。病毒清除以及对B19免疫反应的明显下调可能与输血抗体清除病毒抗原和/或输血的免疫调节作用有关。
